Oedipus at Colonus

Name: Oedipus at Colonus
Author: Sophocles

Sophocles, translated by Francis Storr

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Argument

Oedipus, the blind and banished King of Thebes, has come in his wanderings to Colonus, a deme of Athens, led by his daughter Antigone. He sits to rest on a rock just within a sacred grove of the Furies and is bidden depart by a passing native. But Oedipus, instructed by an oracle that he had reached his final resting-place, refuses to stir, and the stranger consents to go and consult the Elders of Colonus (the Chorus of the Play). Conducted to the spot they pity at first the blind beggar and his daughter, but on learning his name they are horror-striken and order him to quit the land. He appeals to the world-famed hospitality of Athens and hints at the blessings that his coming will confer on the State. They agree to await the decision of King Theseus. From Theseus Oedipus craves protection in life and burial in Attic soil; the benefits that will accrue shall be told later. Theseus departs having promised to aid and befriend him. No sooner has he gone than Creon enters with an armed guard who seize Antigone and carry her off (Ismene, the other sister, they have already captured) and he is about to lay hands on Oedipus, when Theseus, who has heard the tumult, hurries up and, upbraiding Creon for his lawless act, threatens to detain him till he has shown where the captives are and restored them. In the next scene Theseus returns bringing with him the rescued maidens. He informs Oedipus that a stranger who has taken sanctuary at the altar of Poseidon wishes to see him. It is Polyneices who has come to crave his father’s forgiveness and blessing, knowing by an oracle that victory will fall to the side that Oedipus espouses. But Oedipus spurns the hypocrite, and invokes a dire curse on both his unnatural sons. A sudden clap of thunder is heard, and as peal follows peal, Oedipus is aware that his hour is come and bids Antigone summon Theseus. Self-guided he leads the way to the spot where death should overtake him, attended by Theseus and his daughters. Halfway he bids his daughters farewell, and what followed none but Theseus knew. He was not (so the Messenger reports) for the gods took him.

Dramatis Personae

Oedipus, banished King of Thebes
Antigone, his daughter
Ismene, his daughter
Theseus, King of Athens
Creon, brother of Jocasta, now reigning at Thebes
Polyneices, elder son of Oedipus
Stranger, a native of Colonus
Messenger, an attendant of Theseus
Chorus, citizens of Colonus

Scene: In front of the grove of the Eumenides.

Enter the blind Oedipus led by his daughter, Antigone.

Oedipus	Child of an old blind sire, Antigone, What region, say, whose city have we reached? Who will provide today with scanted dole This wanderer? ’Tis little that he craves, And less obtains—that less enough for me; For I am taught by suffering to endure, And the long years that have grown old with me, And last not least, by true nobility. My daughter, if thou seest a resting place On common ground or by some sacred grove, Stay me and set me down. Let us discover Where we have come, for strangers must inquire Of denizens, and do as they are bid.
Antigone	Long-suffering father, Oedipus, the towers That fence the city still are faint and far; But where we stand is surely holy ground; A wilderness of laurel, olive, vine; Within a choir or songster nightingales Are warbling. On this native seat of rock Rest; for an old man thou hast travelled far.
Oedipus	Guide these dark steps and seat me there secure.
Antigone	If time can teach, I need not to be told.
Oedipus	Say, prithee, if thou knowest, where we are.
Antigone	Athens I recognise, but not the spot.
Oedipus	That much we heard from every wayfarer.
Antigone	Shall I go on and ask about the place?
Oedipus	Yes, daughter, if it be inhabited.
Antigone	Sure there are habitations; but no need To leave thee; yonder is a man hard by.
Oedipus	What, moving hitherward and on his way?
Antigone	Say rather, here already. Ask him straight The needful questions, for the man is here.
	Enter Stranger.
Oedipus	O stranger, as I learn from her whose eyes Must serve both her and me, that thou art here Sent by some happy chance to serve our doubts—
Stranger	First quit that seat, then question me at large: The spot thou treadest on is holy ground.
Oedipus	What is the site, to what god dedicate?
Stranger	Inviolable, untrod; goddesses, Dread brood of Earth and Darkness, here abide.
Oedipus	Tell me the awful name I should invoke?
Stranger	The Gracious Ones, All-seeing, so our folk Call them, but elsewhere other names are rife.
Oedipus	Then may they show their suppliant grace, for I From this your sanctuary will ne’er depart.
Stranger	What word is this?
Oedipus	The watchword of my fate.
Stranger	Nay, ’tis not mine to bid thee hence without Due warrant and instruction from the State.
Oedipus	Now in God’s name, O stranger, scorn me not As a wayfarer; tell me what I crave.
Stranger	Ask; your request shall not be scorned by me.
Oedipus	How call you then the place wherein we bide?
Stranger	Whate’er I know thou too shalt know; the place Is all to great Poseidon consecrate. Hard by, the Titan, he who bears the torch, Prometheus, has his worship; but the spot Thou treadest, the Brass-footed Threshold named, Is Athens’ bastion, and the neighbouring lands Claim as their chief and patron yonder knight Colonus, and in common bear his name. Such, stranger, is the spot, to fame unknown, But dear to us its native worshippers.
Oedipus	Thou sayest there are dwellers in these parts?
Stranger	Surely; they bear the name of yonder god.
Oedipus	Ruled by a king or by the general voice?
Stranger	The lord of Athens is our over-lord.
Oedipus	Who is this monarch, great in word and might?
Stranger	Theseus, the son of Aegeus our late king.
Oedipus	Might one be sent from you to summon him?
Stranger	Wherefore? To tell him aught or urge his coming?
Oedipus	Say a slight service may avail him much.
Stranger	How can he profit from a sightless man?
Oedipus	The blind man’s words will be instinct with sight.
Stranger	Heed then; I fain would see thee out of harm; For by the looks, marred though they be by fate, I judge thee noble: tarry where thou art, While I go seek the burghers—those at hand, Not in the city. They will soon decide Whether thou art to rest or go thy way. Exit Stranger.
Oedipus	Tell me, my daughter, has the stranger gone?
Antigone	Yes, he has gone; now we are all alone, And thou may’st speak, dear father, without fear.
Oedipus	Stern-visaged queens, since coming to this land First in your sanctuary I bent the knee, Frown not on me or Phoebus, who, when erst He told me all my miseries to come, Spake of this respite after many years, Some haven in a far-off land, a rest Vouchsafed at last by dread divinities. “There,” said he, “shalt thou round thy weary life, A blessing to the land wherein thou dwell’st, But to the land that cast thee forth, a curse.” And of my weird he promised signs should come, Earthquake, or thunderclap, or lightning flash. And now I recognise as yours the sign That led my wanderings to this your grove; Else had I never lighted on you first, A wineless man on you loathe the grape, Or set me on your seat of native rock. O goddesses, fulfil Apollo’s word, Grant me some consummation of my life, If haply I appear not all too vile, A thrall to sorrow worse than any slave. Hear, gentle daughters of primeval Night, Hear, namesake of great Pallas; Athens, first Of cities, pity this dishonoured shade, The ghost of him who once was Oedipus.
Antigone	Hush! for I see some grey-beards on their way, Their errand to spy out our resting-place.
Oedipus	I will be mute, and thou shalt guide my steps Into the covert from the public road, Till I have learned their drift. A prudent man Will ever shape his course by what he learns.
	Enter Chorus.
Chorus	Strophe 1 Ha! Where is he? Look around! Every nook and corner scan! He the all-presumptuous man, Whither vanished? search the ground! A wayfarer, I ween, A wayfarer, no countryman of ours, That old man must have been; Never had native dared to tempt the Powers, Or enter their demesne, The Maids in awe of whom each mortal cowers, Whose name no voice betrays nor cry, And as we pass them with averted eye, We move hushed lips in reverent piety. But now some godless man, ’Tis rumoured, here abides; The precincts through I scan, Yet wot not where he hides, The wretch profane! I search and search in vain.
Oedipus	I am that man; I know you near Ears to the blind, they say, are eyes.
Chorus	O dread to see and dread to hear!
Oedipus	Oh sirs, I am no outlaw under ban.
Chorus	Who can he be—Zeus save us!—this old man?
Oedipus	No favourite of fate, That ye should envy his estate, O, Sirs, would any happy mortal, say, Grope by the light of other eyes his way, Or face the storm upon so frail a stay?
Chorus	Antistrophe 1 Wast thou then sightless from thy birth? Evil, methinks, and long Thy pilgrimage on earth. Yet add not curse to curse and wrong to wrong. I warn thee, trespass not Within this hallowed spot, Lest thou shouldst find the silent grassy glade Where offerings are laid, Bowls of spring water mingled with sweet mead. Thou must not stay, Come, come away, Tired wanderer, dost thou heed? (We are far off, but sure our voice can reach.) If aught thou would’st beseech, Speak where ’tis right; till then refrain from speech.
Oedipus	Daughter, what counsel should we now pursue?
Antigone	We must obey and do as here they do.
Oedipus	Thy hand then!
Antigone	Here, O father, is my hand,
Oedipus	O Sirs, if I come forth at your command, Let me not suffer for my confidence.
Chorus	Strophe 2 Against thy will no man shall drive thee hence.
Oedipus	Shall I go further?
Chorus	Aye.
Oedipus	What further still?
Chorus	Lead maiden, thou canst guide him where we will.
Antigone	…1
Oedipus	…
Antigone	… Follow with blind steps, father, as I lead.
Oedipus	…
Chorus	In a strange land strange thou art; To her will incline thy heart; Honour whatso’er the State Honours, all she frowns on hate.
Oedipus	Guide me child, where we may range Safe within the paths of right; Counsel freely may exchange Nor with fate and fortune fight.
Chorus	Antistrophe 2 Halt! Go no further than that rocky floor.
Oedipus	Stay where I now am?
Chorus	Yes, advance no more.
Oedipus	May I sit down?
Chorus	Move sideways towards the ledge, And sit thee crouching on the scarped edge.
Antigone	This is my office, father, O incline—
Oedipus	Ah me! ah me!
Antigone	Thy steps to my steps, lean thine aged frame on mine.
Oedipus	Woe on my fate unblest!
Chorus	Wanderer, now thou art at rest, Tell me of thy birth and home, From what far country art thou come, Led on thy weary way, declare!
Oedipus	Strangers, I have no country. O forbear—
Chorus	What is it, old man, that thou would’st conceal?
Oedipus	Forbear, nor urge me further to reveal—
Chorus	Why this reluctance?
Oedipus	Dread my lineage.
Chorus	Say!
Oedipus	What must I answer, child, ah welladay!
Chorus	Say of what stock thou comest, what man’s son—
Oedipus	Ah me, my daughter, now we are undone!
Antigone	Speak, for thou standest on the slippery verge.
Oedipus	I will; no plea for silence can I urge.
Chorus	Will neither speak? Come, Sir, why dally thus!
Oedipus	Know’st one of Laius’—
Chorus	Ha! Who!
Oedipus	Seed of Labdacus—
Chorus	Oh Zeus!
Oedipus	The hapless Oedipus.
Chorus	Art he?
Oedipus	Whate’er I utter, have no fear of me.
Chorus	Begone!
Oedipus	O wretched me!
Chorus	Begone!
Oedipus	O daughter, what will hap anon?
Chorus	Forth from our borders speed ye both!
Oedipus	How keep you then your troth?
Chorus	Heaven’s justice never smites Him who ill with ill requites. But if guile with guile contend, Bane, not blessing, is the end. Arise, begone and take thee hence straightway, Lest on our land a heavier curse thou lay.
Antigone	O sirs! ye suffered not my father blind, Albeit gracious and to ruth inclined, Knowing the deeds he wrought, not innocent, But with no ill intent; Yet heed a maiden’s moan Who pleads for him alone; My eyes, not reft of sight, Plead with you as a daughter’s might You are our providence, O make us not go hence! O with a gracious nod Grant us the nigh despaired-of boon we crave? Hear us, O hear, But all that ye hold dear, Wife, children, homestead, hearth and God! Where will you find one, search ye ne’er so well, Who ’scapes perdition if a god impel!
Chorus	Surely we pity thee and him alike Daughter of Oedipus, for your distress; But as we reverence the decrees of Heaven We cannot say aught other than we said.
Oedipus	O what avails renown or fair repute? Are they not vanity? For, look you, now Athens is held of States the most devout, Athens alone gives hospitality And shelters the vexed stranger, so men say. Have I so found it? I whom ye dislodged First from my seat of rock and now would drive Forth from your land, dreading my name alone; For me you surely dread not, nor my deeds, Deeds of a man more sinned against than sinning As I might well convince you, were it meet To tell my mother’s story and my sire’s, The cause of this your fear. Yet am I then A villain born because in self-defence, Striken, I struck the striker back again? E’en had I known, no villainy ’twould prove: But all unwitting whither I went, I went— To ruin; my destroyers knew it well, Wherefore, I pray you, sirs, in Heaven’s name, Even as ye bade me quit my seat, defend me. O pay not a lip service to the gods And wrong them of their dues. Bethink ye well, The eye of Heaven beholds the just of men, And the unjust, nor ever in this world Has one sole godless sinner found escape. Stand then on Heaven’s side and never blot Athens’ fair scutcheon by abetting wrong. I came to you a suppliant, and you pledged Your honour; O preserve me to the end, O let not this marred visage do me wrong! A holy and god-fearing man is here Whose coming purports comfort for your folk. And when your chief arrives, whoe’er he be, Then shall ye have my story and know all. Meanwhile I pray you do me no despite.
Chorus	The plea thou urgest, needs must give us pause, Set forth in weighty argument, but we Must leave the issue with the ruling powers.
Oedipus	Where is he, strangers, he who sways the realm?
Chorus	In his ancestral seat; a messenger, The same who sent us here, is gone for him.
Oedipus	And think you he will have such care or thought For the blind stranger as to come himself?
Chorus	Ay, that he will, when once he learns thy name.
Oedipus	But who will bear him word!
Chorus	The way is long, And many travellers pass to speed the news. Be sure he’ll hear and hasten, never fear; So wide and far thy name is noised abroad, That, were he ne’er so spent and loth to move, He would bestir him when he hears of thee.
Oedipus	Well, may he come with blessing to his State And me! Who serves his neighbour serves himself.2
Antigone	Zeus! What is this? What can I say or think?
Oedipus	What now, Antigone?
Antigone	I see a woman Riding upon a colt of Aetna’s breed; She wears for headgear a Thessalian hat To shade her from the sun. Who can it be? She or a stranger? Do I wake or dream? ’Tis she; ’tis not—I cannot tell, alack; It is no other! Now her bright’ning glance Greets me with recognition, yes, ’tis she, Herself, Ismene!
Oedipus	Ha! what say ye, child?
Antigone	That I behold thy daughter and my sister, And thou wilt know her straightway by her voice.
	Enter Ismene.
Ismene	Father and sister, names to me most sweet, How hardly have I found you, hardly now When found at last can see you through my tears!
Oedipus	Art come, my child?
Ismene	O father, sad thy plight!
Oedipus	Child, thou art here?
Ismene	Yes, ’twas a weary way.
Oedipus	Touch me, my child.
Ismene	I give a hand to both.
Oedipus	O children—sisters!
Ismene	O disastrous plight!
Oedipus	Her plight and mine?
Ismene	Ay, and my own no less.
Oedipus	What brought thee, daughter?
Ismene	Father, care for thee.
Oedipus	A daughter’s yearning?
Ismene	Yes, and I had news I would myself deliver, so I came With the one thrall who yet is true to me.
Oedipus	Thy valiant brothers, where are they at need?
Ismene	They are—enough, ’tis now their darkest hour.
Oedipus	Out on the twain! The thoughts and actions all Are framed and modelled on Egyptian ways. For there the men sit at the loom indoors While the wives slave abroad for daily bread. So you, my children—those whom I behoved To bear the burden, stay at home like girls, While in their stead my daughters moil and drudge Lightening their father’s misery. The one Since first she grew from girlish feebleness To womanhood has been the old man’s guide And shared my weary wandering, roaming oft Hungry and footsore through wild forest ways, In drenching rains and under scorching suns, Careless herself of home and ease, if so Her sire might have her tender ministry. And thou, my child, whilom thou wentest forth, Eluding the Cadmeians’ vigilance, To bring thy father all the oracles Concerning Oedipus, and didst make thyself My faithful lieger, when they banished me. And now what mission summons thee from home, What news, Ismene, hast thou for thy father? This much I know, thou com’st not empty-handed, Without a warning of some new alarm.
Ismene	The toil and trouble, father, that I bore To find thy lodging-place and how thou faredst, I spare thee; surely ’twere a double pain To suffer, first in act and then in telling; ’Tis the misfortune of thine ill-starred sons I come to tell thee. At the first they willed To leave the throne to Creon, minded well Thus to remove the inveterate curse of old, A canker that infected all thy race. But now some god and an infatuate soul Have stirred betwixt them a mad rivalry To grasp at sovereignty and kingly power. Today the hot-brained youth, the younger born, Is keeping Polyneices from the throne, His elder, and has thrust him from the land. The banished brother (so all Thebes reports) Fled to the vale of Argos, and by help Of new alliance there and friends in arms, Swears he will stablish Argos straight as lord Of the Cadmeian land, or, if he fail, Exalt the victor to the stars of heaven. This is no empty tale, but deadly truth, My father; and how long thy agony, Ere the gods pity thee, I cannot tell.
Oedipus	Hast thou indeed then entertained a hope The gods at last will turn and rescue me?
Ismene	Yea, so I read these latest oracles.
Oedipus	What oracles? What hath been uttered, child?
Ismene	Thy country (so it runs) shall yearn in time To have thee for their weal alive or dead.
Oedipus	And who could gain by such a one as I?
Ismene	On thee, ’tis said, their sovereignty depends.
Oedipus	So, when I cease to be, my worth begins.
Ismene	The gods, who once abased, uplift thee now.
Oedipus	Poor help to raise an old man fallen in youth.
Ismene	Howe’er that be, ’tis for this cause alone That Creon comes to thee—and comes anon.
Oedipus	With what intent, my daughter? Tell me plainly.
Ismene	To plant thee near the Theban land, and so Keep thee within their grasp, yet now allow Thy foot to pass beyond their boundaries.
Oedipus	What gain they, if I lie outside?
Oedipus	Thy tomb, If disappointed, brings on them a curse.
Oedipus	It needs no god to tell what’s plain to sense.
Ismene	Therefore they fain would have thee close at hand, Not where thou would’st be master of thyself.
Oedipus	Mean they to shroud my bones in Theban dust?
Ismene	Nay, father, guilt of kinsman’s blood forbids.
Oedipus	Then never shall they be my masters, never!
Ismene	Thebes, thou shalt rue this bitterly some day!
Oedipus	When what conjunction comes to pass, my child?
Ismene	Thy angry wraith, when at thy tomb they stand.3
Oedipus	And who hath told thee what thou tell’st me, child?
Ismene	Envoys who visited the Delphic hearth.
Oedipus	Hath Phoebus spoken thus concerning me?
Ismene	So say the envoys who returned to Thebes.
Oedipus	And can a son of mine have heard of this?
Ismene	Yea, both alike, and know its import well.
Oedipus	They knew it, yet the ignoble greed of rule Outweighed all longing for their sire’s return.
Ismene	Grievous thy words, yet I must own them true.
Oedipus	Then may the gods ne’er quench their fatal feud, And mine be the arbitrament of the fight, For which they now are arming, spear to spear; That neither he who holds the scepter now May keep this throne, nor he who fled the realm Return again. They never raised a hand, When I their sire was thrust from hearth and home; When I was banned and banished, what recked they? Say you ’twas done at my desire, a grace Which the State, yielding to my wish, allowed? Not so; for, mark you, on that very day When in the tempest of my soul I craved Death, even death by stoning, none appeared To further that wild longing, but anon, When time had numbed my anguish and I felt My wrath had all outrun those errors past, Then, then it was the city went about By force to oust me, respited for years; And they my sons, who should as sons have helped, Did nothing: and, one little word from them Was all I needed, and they spoke no word, But let me wander on forevermore, A banished man, a beggar. These two maids Their sisters, girls, gave all their sex could give, Food and safe harbourage and filial care; While their two brethren sacrificed their sire For lust of power and sceptred sovereignty. No! me they ne’er shall win for an ally, Nor will this Theban kingship bring them gain; That know I from this maiden’s oracles, And those old prophecies concerning me, Which Phoebus now at length has brought to pass. Come Creon then, come all the mightiest In Thebes to seek me; for if ye my friends, Championed by those dread Powers indigenous, Espouse my cause; then for the State ye gain A great deliverer, for my foemen bane.
Chorus	Our pity, Oedipus, thou needs must move, Thou and these maidens; and the stronger plea Thou urgest, as the saviour of our land, Disposes me to counsel for thy weal.
Oedipus	Aid me, kind sirs; I will do all you bid.
Chorus	First make atonement to the deities, Whose grove by trespass thou didst first profane.
Oedipus	After what manner, stranger? Teach me, pray.
Chorus	Make a libation first of water fetched With undefilèd hands from living spring.
Oedipus	And after I have gotten this pure draught?
Chorus	Bowls thou wilt find, the carver’s handiwork; Crown thou the rims and both the handles crown—
Oedipus	With olive shoots or blocks of wool, or how?
Chorus	With wool from fleece of yearling freshly shorn.
Oedipus	What next? how must I end the ritual?
Chorus	Pour thy libation, turning to the dawn.
Oedipus	Pouring it from the urns whereof ye spake?
Chorus	Yea, in three streams; and be the last bowl drained To the last drop.
Oedipus	And wherewith shall I fill it, Ere in its place I set it? This too tell.
Chorus	With water and with honey; add no wine.
Oedipus	And when the embowered earth hath drunk thereof?
Chorus	Then lay upon it thrice nine olive sprays With both thy hands, and offer up this prayer.
Oedipus	I fain would hear it; that imports the most.
Chorus	That, as we call them Gracious, they would deign To grant the suppliant their saving grace. So pray thyself or whoso pray for thee, In whispered accents, not with lifted voice; Then go and look not back. Do as I bid, And I shall then be bold to stand thy friend; Else, stranger, I should have my fears for thee.
Oedipus	Hear ye, my daughters, what these strangers say?
Antigone	We listened, and attend thy bidding, father.
Oedipus	I cannot go, disabled as I am Doubly, by lack of strength and lack of sight; But one of you may do it in my stead; For one, I trow, may pay the sacrifice Of thousands, if his heart be leal and true. So to your work with speed, but leave me not Untended; for this frame is all too weak To move without the help of guiding hand.
Ismene	Then I will go perform these rites, but where To find the spot, this have I yet to learn.
Chorus	Beyond this grove; if thou hast need of aught, The guardian of the close will lend his aid.
Ismene	I go, and thou, Antigone, meanwhile Must guard our father. In a parent’s cause Toil, if there be toil, is of no account. Exit Ismene.
Chorus	Strophe 1 Ill it is, stranger, to awake Pain that long since has ceased to ache, And yet I fain would hear—
Oedipus	What thing?
Chorus	Thy tale of cruel suffering For which no cure was found, The fate that held thee bound.
Oedipus	O bid me not (as guest I claim This grace) expose my shame.
Chorus	The tale is bruited far and near, And echoes still from ear to ear. The truth, I fain would hear.
Oedipus	Ah me!
Chorus	I prithee yield.
Oedipus	Ah me!
Chorus	Grant my request, I granted all to thee.
Oedipus	Antistrophe 1 Know then I suffered ills most vile, but none (So help me Heaven!) from acts in malice done.
Chorus	Say how.
Oedipus	The State around An all unwitting bridegroom bound An impious marriage chain; That was my bane.
Chorus	Didst thou in sooth then share A bed incestuous with her that bare—
Oedipus	It stabs me like a sword, That two-edged word, O stranger, but these maids—my own—
Chorus	Say on.
Oedipus	Two daughters, curses twain.
Chorus	Oh God!
Oedipus	Sprang from the wife and mother’s travail-pain.
Chorus	Strophe 2 What, then thy offspring are at once—
Oedipus	Too true. Their father’s very sister’s too.
Chorus	Oh horror!
Oedipus	Horrors from the boundless deep Back on my soul in refluent surges sweep.
Chorus	Thou hast endured—
Oedipus	Intolerable woe.
Chorus	And sinned—
Oedipus	I sinnèd not.
Chorus	How so?
Oedipus	I served the State; would I had never won That graceless grace by which I was undone.
Chorus	Antistrophe 2 And next, unhappy man, thou hast shed blood?
Oedipus	Must ye hear more?
Chorus	A father’s?
Oedipus	Flood on flood Whelms me; that word’s a second mortal blow.
Chorus	Murderer!
Oedipus	Yes, a murderer, but know—
Chorus	What canst thou plead?
Oedipus	A plea of justice.
Chorus	How?
Oedipus	I slew who else would me have slain; I slew without intent, A wretch, but innocent In the law’s eye, I stand, without a stain.
Chorus	Behold our sovereign, Theseus, Aegeus’ son, Comes at thy summons to perform his part.
	Enter Theseus.
Theseus	Oft had I heard of thee in times gone by— The bloody mutilation of thine eyes— And therefore know thee, son of Laius. All that I lately gathered on the way Made my conjecture doubly sure; and now Thy garb and that marred visage prove to me That thou art he. So pitying thine estate, Most ill-starred Oedipus, I fain would know What is the suit ye urge on me and Athens, Thou and the helpless maiden at thy side. Declare it; dire indeed must be the tale Whereat I should recoil. I too was reared, Like thee, in exile, and in foreign lands Wrestled with many perils, no man more. Wherefore no alien in adversity Shall seek in vain my succour, nor shalt thou; I know myself a mortal, and my share In what the morrow brings no more than thine.
Oedipus	Theseus, thy words so apt, so generous So comfortable, need no long reply. Both who I am and of what lineage sprung, And from what land I came, thou hast declared. So without prologue I may utter now My brief petition, and the tale is told.
Theseus	Say on, and tell me what I fain would learn.
Oedipus	I come to offer thee this woe-worn frame, A gift not fair to look on; yet its worth More precious far than any outward show.
Theseus	What profit dost thou proffer to have brought?
Oedipus	Hereafter thou shalt learn, not yet, methinks.
Theseus	When may we hope to reap the benefit?
Oedipus	When I am dead and thou hast buried me.
Theseus	Thou cravest life’s last service; all before— Is it forgotten or of no account?
Oedipus	Yea, the last boon is warrant for the rest.
Theseus	The grace thou cravest then is small indeed.
Oedipus	Nay, weigh it well; the issue is not slight.
Theseus	Thou meanest that betwixt thy sons and me?
Oedipus	Prince, they would fain convey me back to Thebes.
Theseus	If there be no compulsion, then methinks To rest in banishment befits not thee.
Oedipus	Nay, when I wished it they would not consent.
Theseus	For shame! such temper misbecomes the fallen.
Oedipus	Chide if thou wilt, but first attend my plea.
Theseus	Say on, I wait full knowledge ere I judge.
Oedipus	O Theseus, I have suffered wrongs on wrongs.
Theseus	Would’st tell the old misfortune of thy race?
Oedipus	No, that has grown a byword throughout Greece.
Theseus	What then can be this more than mortal grief?
Oedipus	My case stands thus; by my own flesh and blood I was expelled my country, and can ne’er Thither return again, a parricide.
Theseus	Why fetch thee home if thou must dwell apart?
Oedipus	The god has spoken; they must needs obey.
Theseus	What are they threatened by the oracle?
Oedipus	Destruction that awaits them in this land.
Theseus	What can beget ill blood ’twixt them and me?
Oedipus	Dear son of Aegeus, to the gods alone Is given immunity from eld and death; But nothing else escapes all-ruinous time. Earth’s might decays, the might of men decays, Honour grows cold, dishonour flourishes, There is no constancy ’twixt friend and friend, Or city and city; be it soon or late, Sweet turns to bitter, hate once more to love. If now ’tis sunshine betwixt Thebes and thee And not a cloud, Time in his endless course Gives birth to endless days and nights, wherein The merest nothing shall suffice to cut With serried spears your bonds of amity. Then shall my slumbering and buried corpse In its cold grave drink their warm life-blood up, If Zeus be Zeus and Phoebus still speak true. No more: ’tis ill to tear aside the veil Of mysteries; let me cease as I began: Enough if thou wilt keep thy plighted troth, Then shalt thou ne’er complain that Oedipus Proved an unprofitable and thankless guest, Except the gods themselves shall play me false.
Chorus	The man, my lord, has from the very first Declared his power to offer to our land These and like benefits.
Theseus	Who could reject The proffered amity of such a friend? First, he can claim the hospitality To which by mutual contract we stand pledged: Next, coming here, a suppliant to the gods, He pays full tribute to the State and me; His favours therefore never will I spurn, But grant him the full rights of citizen; And, if it suits the stranger here to bide, I place him in your charge, or if he please Rather to come with me—choose, Oedipus, Which of the two thou wilt. Thy choice is mine.
Oedipus	Zeus, may the blessing fall on men like these!
Theseus	What dost thou then decide—to come with me?
Oedipus	Yea, were it lawful—but ’tis rather here—
Theseus	What would’st thou here? I shall not thwart thy wish.
Oedipus	Here shall I vanquish those who cast me forth.
Theseus	Then were thy presence here a boon indeed.
Oedipus	Such shall it prove, if thou fulfil’st thy pledge.
Theseus	Fear not for me; I shall not play thee false.
Oedipus	No need to back thy promise with an oath.
Theseus	An oath would be no surer than my word.
Oedipus	How wilt thou act then?
Theseus	What is it thou fear’st?
Oedipus	My foes will come—
Theseus	Our friends will look to that.
Oedipus	But if thou leave me?
Theseus	Teach me not my duty.
Oedipus	’Tis fear constrains me.
Theseus	My soul knows no fear!
Oedipus	Thou knowest not what threats—
Theseus	I know that none Shall hale thee hence in my despite. Such threats Vented in anger oft, are blusterers, An idle breath, forgot when sense returns. And for thy foemen, though their words were brave, Boasting to bring thee back, they are like to find The seas between us wide and hard to sail. Such my firm purpose, but in any case Take heart, since Phoebus sent thee here. My name, Though I be distant, warrants thee from harm.
Chorus	Strophe 1 Thou hast come to a steed-famed land for rest, O stranger worn with toil, To a land of all lands the goodliest Colonus’ glistening soil. ’Tis the haunt of the clear-voiced nightingale, Who hid in her bower, among The wine-dark ivy that wreathes the vale, Trilleth her ceaseless song; And she loves, where the clustering berries nod O’er a sunless, windless glade, The spot by no mortal footstep trod, The pleasance kept for the Bacchic god, Where he holds each night his revels wild With the nymphs who fostered the lusty child. Antistrophe 1 And fed each morn by the pearly dew The starred narcissi shine, And a wreath with the crocus’ golden hue For the Mother and Daughter twine. And never the sleepless fountains cease That feed Cephisus’ stream, But they swell earth’s bosom with quick increase, And their wave hath a crystal gleam. And the Muses’ choir will never disdain To visit this heaven-favoured plain, Nor the Cyprian queen of the golden rein. Strophe 2 And here there grows, unpruned, untamed, Terror to foemen’s spear, A tree in Asian soil unnamed, By Pelops’ Dorian isle unclaimed, Self-nurtured year by year; ’Tis the grey-leaved olive that feeds our boys; Nor youth nor withering age destroys The plant that the Olive Planter tends And the Grey-eyed Goddess herself defends. Antistrophe 2 Yet another gift, of all gifts the most Prized by our fatherland, we boast— The might of the horse, the might of the sea; Our fame, Poseidon, we owe to thee, Son of Kronos, our king divine, Who in these highways first didst fit For the mouth of horses the iron bit; Thou too hast taught us to fashion meet For the arm of the rower the oar-blade fleet, Swift as the Nereids’ hundred feet As they dance along the brine.
Antigone	O land extolled above all lands, ’tis now For thee to make these glorious titles good.
Oedipus	Why this appeal, my daughter?
Antigone	Father, lo! Creon approaches with his company.
Oedipus	Fear not, it shall be so; if we are old, This country’s vigour has no touch of age.
	Enter Creon* with attendants.*
Creon	Burghers, my noble friends, ye take alarm At my approach (I read it in your eyes), Fear nothing and refrain from angry words. I come with no ill purpose; I am old, And know the city whither I am come, Without a peer amongst the powers of Greece. It was by reason of my years that I Was chosen to persuade your guest and bring Him back to Thebes; not the delegate Of one man, but commissioned by the State, Since of all Thebans I have most bewailed, Being his kinsman, his most grievous woes. O listen to me, luckless Oedipus, Come home! The whole Cadmeian people claim With right to have thee back, I most of all, For most of all (else were I vile indeed) I mourn for thy misfortunes, seeing thee An aged outcast, wandering on and on, A beggar with one handmaid for thy stay. Ah! who had e’er imagined she could fall To such a depth of misery as this, To tend in penury thy stricken frame, A virgin ripe for wedlock, but unwed, A prey for any wanton ravisher? Seems it not cruel this reproach I cast On thee and on myself and all the race? Aye, but an open shame cannot be hid. Hide it, O hide it, Oedipus, thou canst. O, by our fathers’ gods, consent I pray; Come back to Thebes, come to thy father’s home, Bid Athens, as is meet, a fond farewell; Thebes thy old foster-mother claims thee first.
Oedipus	O front of brass, thy subtle tongue would twist To thy advantage every plea of right Why try thy arts on me, why spread again Toils where ’twould gall me sorest to be snared? In old days when by self-wrought woes distraught, I yearned for exile as a glad release, Thy will refused the favour then I craved. But when my frenzied grief had spent its force, And I was fain to taste the sweets of home, Then thou would’st thrust me from my country, then These ties of kindred were by thee ignored; And now again when thou behold’st this State And all its kindly people welcome me, Thou seek’st to part us, wrapping in soft words Hard thoughts. And yet what pleasure canst thou find In forcing friendship on unwilling foes? Suppose a man refused to grant some boon When you importuned him, and afterwards When you had got your heart’s desire, consented, Granting a grace from which all grace had fled, Would not such favour seem an empty boon? Yet such the boon thou profferest now to me, Fair in appearance, but when tested false. Yea, I will proved thee false, that these may hear; Thou art come to take me, not to take me home, But plant me on thy borders, that thy State May so escape annoyance from this land. That thou shalt never gain, but this instead— My ghost to haunt thy country without end; And for my sons, this heritage—no more— Just room to die in. Have not I more skill Than thou to draw the horoscope of Thebes? Are not my teachers surer guides than thine— Great Phoebus and the sire of Phoebus, Zeus? Thou art a messenger suborned, thy tongue Is sharper than a sword’s edge, yet thy speech Will bring thee more defeats than victories. Howbeit, I know I waste my words—begone, And leave me here; whate’er may be my lot, He lives not ill who lives withal content.
Creon	Which loses in this parley, I o’erthrown By thee, or thou who overthrow’st thyself?
Oedipus	I shall be well contented if thy suit Fails with these strangers, as it has with me.
Creon	Unhappy man, will years ne’er make thee wise? Must thou live on to cast a slur on age?
Oedipus	Thou hast a glib tongue, but no honest man, Methinks, can argue well on any side.
Creon	’Tis one thing to speak much, another well.
Oedipus	Thy words, forsooth, are few and all well aimed!
Creon	Not for a man indeed with wits like thine.
Oedipus	Depart! I bid thee in these burghers’ name, And prowl no longer round me to blockade My destined harbour.
Creon	I protest to these, Not thee, and for thine answer to thy kin, If e’er I take thee—
Oedipus	Who against their will Could take me?
Creon	Though untaken thou shalt smart.
Oedipus	What power hast thou to execute this threat?
Creon	One of thy daughters is already seized, The other I will carry off anon.
Oedipus	Woe, woe!
Creon	This is but prelude to thy woes.
Oedipus	Hast thou my child?
Creon	And soon shall have the other.
Oedipus	Ho, friends! ye will not surely play me false? Chase this ungodly villain from your land.
Chorus	Hence, stranger, hence avaunt! Thou doest wrong In this, and wrong in all that thou hast done.
Creon	To his guards. ’Tis time by force to carry off the girl, If she refuse of her free will to go.
Antigone	Ah, woe is me! where shall I fly, where find Succour from gods or men?
Chorus	What would’st thou, stranger?
Creon	I meddle not with him, but her who is mine.
Oedipus	O princes of the land!
Chorus	Sir, thou dost wrong.
Creon	Nay, right.
Chorus	How right?
Creon	I take but what is mine.
Oedipus	Help, Athens!
Chorus	What means this, sirrah? quick unhand her, or We’ll fight it out.
Creon	Back!
Chorus	Not till thou forbear.
Creon	’Tis war with Thebes if I am touched or harmed.
Oedipus	Did I not warn thee?
Chorus	Quick, unhand the maid!
Creon	Command your minions; I am not your slave.
Chorus	Desist, I bid thee.
Creon	To the guard. And I bid thee march!
Chorus	To the rescue, one and all! Rally, neighbours to my call! See, the foe is at the gate! Rally to defend the State.
Antigone	Ah, woe is me, they drag me hence, O friends.
Oedipus	Where art thou, daughter?
Antigone	Haled along by force.
Oedipus	Thy hands, my child!
Antigone	They will not let me, father.
Creon	Away with her!
Oedipus	Ah, woe is me, ah woe!
Creon	So those two crutches shall no longer serve thee For further roaming. Since it pleaseth thee To triumph o’er thy country and thy friends Who mandate, though a prince, I here discharge, Enjoy thy triumph; soon or late thou’lt find Thou art an enemy to thyself, both now And in time past, when in despite of friends Thou gav’st the rein to passion, still thy bane.
Chorus	Hold there, sir stranger!
Creon	Hands off, have a care.
Chorus	Restore the maidens, else thou goest not.
Creon	Then Thebes will take a dearer surety soon; I will lay hands on more than these two maids.
Chorus	What canst thou further?
Creon	Carry off this man.
Chorus	Brave words!
Creon	And deeds forthwith shall make them good.
Chorus	Unless perchance our sovereign intervene.
Oedipus	O shameless voice! Would’st lay an hand on me?
Creon	Silence, I bid thee!
Oedipus	Goddesses, allow Thy suppliant to utter yet one curse! Wretch, now my eyes are gone thou hast torn away The helpless maiden who was eyes to me; For this to thee and all thy cursèd race May the great Sun, whose eye is everywhere, Grant length of days and old age like to mine.
Creon	Listen, O men of Athens, mark ye this?
Oedipus	They mark us both and understand that I Wronged by the deeds defend myself with words.
Creon	Nothing shall curb my will; though I be old And single-handed, I will have this man.
Oedipus	O woe is me!
Chorus	Thou art a bold man, stranger, if thou think’st To execute thy purpose.
Creon	So I do.
Chorus	Then shall I deem this State no more a State.
Creon	With a just quarrel weakness conquers might.
Oedipus	Ye hear his words?
Chorus	Aye words, but not yet deeds, Zeus knoweth!
Creon	Zeus may haply know, not thou.
Chorus	Insolence!
Creon	Insolence that thou must bear.
Chorus	Haste ye princes, sound the alarm! Men of Athens, arm ye, arm! Quickly to the rescue come Ere the robbers get them home.
	Enter Theseus.
Theseus	Why this outcry? What is forward? wherefore was I called away From the altar of Poseidon, lord of your Colonus? Say! On what errand have I hurried hither without stop or stay.
Oedipus	Dear friend—those accents tell me who thou art, Yon man but now hath done me a foul wrong.
Theseus	What is this wrong and who hath wrought it? Speak.
Oedipus	Creon who stands before thee. He it is Hath robbed me of my all, my daughters twain.
Theseus	What means this?
Oedipus	Thou hast heard my tale of wrongs.
Theseus	Ho! hasten to the altars, one of you, Command my liegemen leave the sacrifice And hurry, foot and horse, with rein unchecked, To where the paths that packmen use diverge, Lest the two maidens slip away, and I Become a mockery to this my guest, As one despoiled by force. Quick, as I bid. As for this stranger, had I let my rage, Justly provoked, have play, he had not ’scaped Scathless and uncorrected at my hands. But now the laws to which himself appealed, These and none other shall adjudicate. Thou shalt not quit this land, till thou hast fetched The maidens and produced them in my sight. Thou hast offended both against myself And thine own race and country. Having come Unto a State that champions right and asks For every action warranty of law, Thou hast set aside the custom of the land, And like some freebooter art carrying off What plunder pleases thee, as if forsooth Thou thoughtest this a city without men, Or manned by slaves, and me a thing of naught. Yet not from Thebes this villainy was learnt; Thebes is not wont to breed unrighteous sons, Nor would she praise thee, if she learnt that thou Wert robbing me—aye and the gods to boot, Haling by force their suppliants, poor maids. Were I on Theban soil, to prosecute The justest claim imaginable, I Would never wrest by violence my own Without the sanction of your State or King; I should behave as fits an outlander Living amongst a foreign folk, but thou Shamest a city that deserves it not, Even thine own, and plentitude of years Have made of thee an old man and a fool. Therefore again I charge thee as before, See that the maidens are restored at once, Unless thou would’st continue here by force And not by choice a sojourner; so much I tell thee home and what I say, I mean.
Chorus	Thy case is perilous; though by birth and race Thou should’st be just, thou plainly doest wrong.
Creon	Not deeming this city void of men Or counsel, son of Aegeus, as thou say’st I did what I have done; rather I thought Your people were not like to set such store By kin of mine and keep them ’gainst my will. Nor would they harbour, so I stood assured, A godless parricide, a reprobate Convicted of incestuous marriage ties. For on her native hill of Ares here (I knew your far-famed Areopagus) Sits Justice, and permits not vagrant folk To stay within your borders. In that faith I hunted down my quarry; and e’en then I had refrained but for the curses dire Wherewith he banned my kinsfolk and myself: Such wrong, methought, had warrant for my act. Anger has no old age but only death; The dead alone can feel no touch of spite. So thou must work thy will; my cause is just But weak without allies; yet will I try, Old as I am, to answer deeds with deeds.
Oedipus	O shameless railer, think’st thou this abuse Defames my grey hairs rather than thine own? Murder and incest, deeds of horror, all Thou blurtest forth against me, all I have borne, No willing sinner; so it pleased the gods Wrath haply with my sinful race of old, Since thou could’st find no sin in me myself For which in retribution I was doomed To trespass thus against myself and mine. Answer me now, if by some oracle My sire was destined to a bloody end By a son’s hand, can this reflect on me, Me then unborn, begotten by no sire, Conceivèd in no mother’s womb? And if When born to misery, as born I was, I met my sire, not knowing whom I met Or what I did, and slew him, how canst thou With justice blame the all-unconscious hand? And for my mother, wretch, art not ashamed, Seeing she was thy sister, to extort From me the story of her marriage, such A marriage as I straightway will proclaim. For I will speak; thy lewd and impious speech Has broken all the bonds of reticence. She was, ah woe is me! she was my mother; I knew it not, nor she; and she my mother Bare children to the son whom she had borne, A birth of shame. But this at least I know, Wittingly thou aspersest her and me; But I unwitting wed, unwilling speak. Nay neither in this marriage or this deed Which thou art ever casting in my teeth— A murdered sire—shall I be held to blame. Come, answer me one question, if thou canst: If one should presently attempt thy life, Would’st thou, O man of justice, first inquire If the assassin was perchance thy sire, Or turn upon him? As thou lov’st thy life, On thy aggressor thou would’st turn, nor stay Debating, if the law would bear thee out. Such was my case, and such the pass whereto The gods reduced me; and methinks my sire, Could he come back to life, would not dissent. Yet thou, for just thou art not, but a man Who sticks at nothing, if it serve his plea, Reproachest me with this before these men. It serves thy turn to laud great Theseus’ name, And Athens as a wisely governed State; Yet in thy flatteries one thing is to seek: If any land knows how to pay the gods Their proper rites, ’tis Athens most of all. This is the land whence thou wast fain to steal Their aged suppliant and hast carried off My daughters. Therefore to yon goddesses, I turn, adjure them and invoke their aid To champion my cause, that thou mayest learn What is the breed of men who guard this State.
Chorus	An honest man, my liege, one sore bestead By fortune, and so worthy our support.
Theseus	Enough of words; the captors speed amain, While we the victims stand debating here.
Creon	What would’st thou? What can I, a feeble man?
Theseus	Show us the trail, and I’ll attend thee too, That, if thou hast the maidens hereabouts, Thou mayst thyself discover them to me; But if thy guards outstrip us with their spoil, We may draw rein; for others speed, from whom They will not ’scape to thank the gods at home. Lead on, I say, the captor’s caught, and fate Hath ta’en the fowler in the toils he spread; So soon are lost gains gotten by deceit. And look not for allies; I know indeed Such height of insolence was never reached Without abettors or accomplices; Thou hast some backer in thy bold essay, But I will search this matter home and see One man doth not prevail against the State. Dost take my drift, or seem these words as vain As seemed our warnings when the plot was hatched?
Creon	Nothing thou sayest can I here dispute, But once at home I too shall act my part.
Theseus	Threaten us and—begone! Thou, Oedipus, Stay here assured that nothing save my death Will stay my purpose to restore the maids.
Oedipus	Heaven bless thee, Theseus, for thy nobleness And all thy loving care in my behalf. Exeunt Theseus* and Creon.*
Chorus	Strophe 1 O when the flying foe, Turning at last to bay, Soon will give blow for blow. Might I behold the fray; Hear the loud battle roar, Swell, on the Pythian shore, Or by the torch-lit bay, Where the dread Queen and Maid Cherish the mystic rites, Rites they to none betray, Ere on his lips is laid Secrecy’s golden key By their own acolytes, Priestly Eumolpidae. There I might chance behold Theseus our captain bold Meet with the robber band, Ere they have fled the land, Rescue by might and main Maidens, the captives twain. Antistrophe 1 Haply on swiftest steed, Or in the flying car, Now they approach the glen, West of white Oea’s scaur. They will be vanquishèd: Dread are our warriors, dread Theseus our chieftain’s men. Flashes each bridle bright, Charges each gallant knight, All that our Queen adore, Pallas their patron, or Him whose wide floods enring Earth, the great Ocean-king Whom Rhea bore. Strophe 2 Fight they or now prepare To fight? a vision rare Tells me that soon again I shall behold the twain Maidens so ill bestead, By their kin buffeted. Today, today Zeus worketh some great thing This day shall victory bring. O for the wings, the wings of a dove, To be borne with the speed of the gale, Up and still upwards to sail And gaze on the fray from the clouds above. Antistrophe 2 All-seeing Zeus, O lord of heaven, To our guardian host be given Might triumphant to surprise Flying foes and win their prize. Hear us, Zeus, and hear us, child Of Zeus, Athenè undefiled, Hear, Apollo, hunter, hear, Huntress, sister of Apollo, Who the dappled swift-foot deer O’er the wooded glade dost follow; Help with your two-fold power Athens in danger’s hour! O wayfarer, thou wilt not have to tax The friends who watch for thee with false presage, For lo, an escort with the maids draws near.
	Enter Antigone* and Ismene with Theseus.*
Oedipus	Where, where? what sayest thou?
Antigone	O father, father, Would that some god might grant thee eyes to see This best of men who brings us back again.
Oedipus	My child! and are ye back indeed!
Antigone	Yes, saved By Theseus and his gallant followers.
Oedipus	Come to your father’s arms, O let me feel A child’s embrace I never hoped for more.
Antigone	Thou askest what is doubly sweet to give.
Oedipus	Where are ye then?
Antigone	We come together both.
Oedipus	My precious nurslings!
Antigone	Fathers aye were fond.
Oedipus	Props of my age!
Antigone	So sorrow sorrow props.
Oedipus	I have my darlings, and if death should come, Death were not wholly bitter with you near. Cling to me, press me close on either side, There rest ye from your dreary wayfaring. Now tell me of your ventures, but in brief; Brief speech suffices for young maids like you.
Antigone	Here is our saviour; thou should’st hear the tale From his own lips; so shall my part be brief.
Oedipus	I pray thee do not wonder if the sight Of children, given o’er for lost, has made My converse somewhat long and tedious. Full well I know the joy I have of them Is due to thee, to thee and no man else; Thou wast their sole deliverer, none else. The gods deal with thee after my desire, With thee and with this land! for fear of heaven I found above all peoples most with you, And righteousness and lips that cannot lie. I speak in gratitude of what I know, For all I have I owe to thee alone. Give me thy hand, O Prince, that I may touch it, And if thou wilt permit me, kiss thy cheek. What say I? Can I wish that thou should’st touch One fallen like me to utter wretchedness, Corrupt and tainted with a thousand ills? Oh no, I would not let thee if thou would’st. They only who have known calamity Can share it. Let me greet thee where thou art, And still befriend me as thou hast till now.
Theseus	I marvel not if thou hast dallied long In converse with thy children and preferred Their speech to mine; I feel no jealousy, I would be famous more by deeds than words. Of this, old friend, thou hast had proof; my oath I have fulfilled and brought thee back the maids Alive and nothing harmed for all those threats. And how the fight was won, ’twere waste of words To boast—thy daughters here will tell thee all. But of a matter that has lately chanced On my way hitherward, I fain would have Thy counsel—slight ’twould seem, yet worthy thought. A wise man heeds all matters great or small.
Oedipus	What is it, son of Aegeus? Let me hear. Of what thou askest I myself know naught.
Theseus	’Tis said a man, no countryman of thine, But of thy kin, hath taken sanctuary Beside the altar of Poseidon, where I was at sacrifice when called away.
Oedipus	What is his country? what the suitor’s prayer?
Theseus	I know but one thing; he implores, I am told, A word with thee—he will not trouble thee.
Oedipus	What seeks he? If a suppliant, something grave.
Theseus	He only waits, they say, to speak with thee, And then unharmed to go upon his way.
Oedipus	I marvel who is this petitioner.
Theseus	Think if there be not any of thy kin At Argos who might claim this boon of thee.
Oedipus	Dear friend, forbear, I pray.
Theseus	What ails thee now?
Oedipus	Ask it not of me.
Theseus	Ask not what? explain.
Oedipus	Thy words have told me who the suppliant is.
Theseus	Who can he be that I should frown on him?
Oedipus	My son, O king, my hateful son, whose words Of all men’s most would jar upon my ears.
Theseus	Thou sure mightest listen. If his suit offend, No need to grant it. Why so loth to hear him?
Oedipus	That voice, O king, grates on a father’s ears; I have come to loathe it. Force me not to yield.
Theseus	But he hath found asylum. O beware, And fail not in due reverence to the god.
Antigone	O heed me, father, though I am young in years. Let the prince have his will and pay withal What in his eyes is service to the god; For our sake also let our brother come. If what he urges tend not to thy good He cannot surely wrest perforce thy will. To hear him then, what harm? By open words A scheme of villainy is soon bewrayed. Thou art his father, therefore canst not pay In kind a son’s most impious outrages. O listen to him; other men like thee Have thankless children and are choleric, But yielding to persuasion’s gentle spell They let their savage mood be exorcised. Look thou to the past, forget the present, think On all the woe thy sire and mother brought thee; Thence wilt thou draw this lesson without fail, Of evil passion evil is the end. Thou hast, alas, to prick thy memory, Stern monitors, these ever-sightless orbs. O yield to us; just suitors should not need To be importunate, nor he that takes A favour lack the grace to make return.
Oedipus	Grievous to me, my child, the boon ye win By pleading. Let it be then; have your way Only if come he must, I beg thee, friend, Let none have power to dispose of me.
Theseus	No need, Sir, to appeal a second time. It likes me not to boast, but be assured Thy life is safe while any god saves mine. Exit Theseus.
Chorus	Strophe Who craves excess of days, Scorning the common span Of life, I judge that man A giddy wight who walks in folly’s ways. For the long years heap up a grievous load, Scant pleasures, heavier pains, Till not one joy remains For him who lingers on life’s weary road And come it slow or fast, One doom of fate Doth all await, For dance and marriage bell, The dirge and funeral knell. Death the deliverer freeth all at last. Antistrophe Not to be born at all Is best, far best that can befall, Next best, when born, with least delay To trace the backward way. For when youth passes with its giddy train, Troubles on troubles follow, toils on toils, Pain, pain for ever pain; And none escapes life’s coils. Envy, sedition, strife, Carnage and war, make up the tale of life. Last comes the worst and most abhorred stage Of unregarded age, Joyless, companionless and slow, Of woes the crowning woe. Epode Such ills not I alone, He too our guest hath known, E’en as some headland on an iron-bound shore, Lashed by the wintry blasts and surge’s roar, So is he buffeted on every side By drear misfortune’s whelming tide, By every wind of heaven o’erborne Some from the sunset, some from orient morn, Some from the noonday glow. Some from Rhipean gloom of everlasting snow.
Antigone	Father, methinks I see the stranger coming, Alone he comes and weeping plenteous tears.
Oedipus	Who may he be?
Antigone	The same that we surmised. From the outset—Polyneices. He is here.
	Enter Polyneices.
Polyneices	Ah me, my sisters, shall I first lament My own afflictions, or my aged sire’s, Whom here I find a castaway, with you, In a strange land, an ancient beggar clad In antic tatters, marring all his frame, While o’er the sightless orbs his unkept locks Float in the breeze; and, as it were to match, He bears a wallet against hunger’s pinch. All this too late I learn, wretch that I am, Alas! I own it, and am proved most vile In my neglect of thee: I scorn myself. But as almighty Zeus in all he doth Hath Mercy for co-partner of this throne, Let Mercy, father, also sit enthroned In thy heart likewise. For transgressions past May be amended, cannot be made worse. Why silent? Father, speak, nor turn away, Hast thou no word, wilt thou dismiss me then In mute disdain, nor tell me why thou art wrath? O ye his daughters, sisters mine, do ye This sullen, obstinate silence try to move. Let him not spurn, without a single word Of answer, me the suppliant of the god.
Antigone	Tell him thyself, unhappy one, thine errand; For large discourse may send a thrill of joy, Or stir a chord of wrath or tenderness, And to the tongue-tied somehow give a tongue.
Polyneices	Well dost thou counsel, and I will speak out. First will I call in aid the god himself, Poseidon, from whose altar I was raised, With warrant from the monarch of this land, To parley with you, and depart unscathed. These pledges, strangers, I would see observed By you and by my sisters and my sire. Now, father, let me tell thee why I came. I have been banished from my native land Because by right of primogeniture I claimed possession of thy sovereign throne Wherefrom Etocles, my younger brother, Ousted me, not by weight of precedent, Nor by the last arbitrament of war, But by his popular acts; and the prime cause Of this I deem the curse that rests on thee. So likewise hold the soothsayers, for when I came to Argos in the Dorian land And took the king Adrastus’ child to wife, Under my standard I enlisted all The foremost captains of the Apian isle, To levy with their aid that sevenfold host Of spearmen against Thebes, determining To oust my foes or die in a just cause. Why then, thou askest, am I here today? Father, I come a suppliant to thee Both for myself and my allies who now With squadrons seven beneath their seven spears Beleaguer all the plain that circles Thebes. Foremost the peerless warrior, peerless seer, Amphiaraiis with his lightning lance; Next an Aetolian, Tydeus, Oeneus’ son; Eteoclus of Argive birth the third; The fourth Hippomedon, sent to the war By his sire Talaos; Capaneus, the fifth, Vaunts he will fire and raze the town; the sixth Parthenopaeus, an Arcadian born Named of that maid, longtime a maid and late Espoused, Atalanta’s true-born child; Last I thy son, or thine at least in name, If but the bastard of an evil fate, Lead against Thebes the fearless Argive host. Thus by thy children and thy life, my sire, We all adjure thee to remit thy wrath And favour one who seeks a just revenge Against a brother who has banned and robbed him. For victory, if oracles speak true, Will fall to those who have thee for ally. So, by our fountains and familiar gods I pray thee, yield and hear; a beggar I And exile, thou an exile likewise; both Involved in one misfortune find a home As pensioners, while he, the lord of Thebes, O agony! makes a mock of thee and me. I’ll scatter with a breath the upstart’s might, And bring thee home again and stablish thee, And stablish, having cast him out, myself. This will thy goodwill I will undertake, Without it I can scare return alive.
Chorus	For the king’s sake who sent him, Oedipus, Dismiss him not without a meet reply.
Oedipus	Nay, worthy seniors, but for Theseus’ sake Who sent him hither to have word of me. Never again would he have heard my voice; But now he shall obtain this parting grace, An answer that will bring him little joy. O villain, when thou hadst the sovereignty That now thy brother holdeth in thy stead, Didst thou not drive me, thine own father, out, An exile, cityless, and make we wear This beggar’s garb thou weepest to behold, Now thou art come thyself to my sad plight? Nothing is here for tears; it must be borne By me till death, and I shall think of thee As of my murderer; thou didst thrust me out; ’Tis thou hast made me conversant with woe, Through thee I beg my bread in a strange land; And had not these my daughters tended me I had been dead for aught of aid from thee. They tend me, they preserve me, they are men Not women in true service to their sire; But ye are bastards, and no sons of mine. Therefore just Heaven hath an eye on thee; Howbeit not yet with aspect so austere As thou shalt soon experience, if indeed These banded hosts are moving against Thebes. That city thou canst never storm, but first Shall fall, thou and thy brother, blood-imbrued. Such curse I lately launched against you twain, Such curse I now invoke to fight for me, That ye may learn to honour those who bear thee Nor flout a sightless father who begat Degenerate sons—these maidens did not so. Therefore my curse is stronger than thy “throne,” Thy “suppliance,” if by right of laws eterne Primeval Justice sits enthroned with Zeus. Begone, abhorred, disowned, no son of mine, Thou vilest of the vile! and take with thee This curse I leave thee as my last bequest:— Never to win by arms thy native land, No, nor return to Argos in the Vale, But by a kinsman’s hand to die and slay Him who expelled thee. So I pray and call On the ancestral gloom of Tartarus To snatch thee hence, on these dread goddesses I call, and Ares who incensed you both To mortal enmity. Go now proclaim What thou hast heard to the Cadmeians all, Thy staunch confederates—this the heritage that Oedipus divideth to his sons.
Chorus	Thy errand, Polyneices, liked me not From the beginning; now go back with speed.
Polyneices	Woe worth my journey and my baffled hopes! Woe worth my comrades! What a desperate end To that glad march from Argos! Woe is me! I dare not whisper it to my allies Or turn them back, but mute must meet my doom. My sisters, ye his daughters, ye have heard The prayers of our stern father, if his curse Should come to pass and ye some day return To Thebes, O then disown me not, I pray, But grant me burial and due funeral rites. So shall the praise your filial care now wins Be doubled for the service wrought for me.
Antigone	One boon, O Polyneices, let me crave.
Polyneices	What would’st thou, sweet Antigone? Say on.
Antigone	Turn back thy host to Argos with all speed, And ruin not thyself and Thebes as well.
Polyneices	That cannot be. How could I lead again An army that had seen their leader quail?
Antigone	But, brother, why shouldst thou be wroth again? What profit from thy country’s ruin comes?
Polyneices	’Tis shame to live in exile, and shall I The elder bear a younger brother’s flouts?
Antigone	Wilt thou then bring to pass his prophecies Who threatens mutual slaughter to you both?
Polyneices	Aye, so he wishes:—but I must not yield.
Antigone	O woe is me! but say, will any dare, Hearing his prophecy, to follow thee?
Polyneices	I shall not tell it; a good general Reports successes and conceals mishaps.
Antigone	Misguided youth, thy purpose then stands fast!
Polyneices	’Tis so, and stay me not. The road I choose, Dogged by my sire and his avenging spirit, Leads me to ruin; but for you may Zeus Make your path bright if ye fulfill my hest When dead; in life ye cannot serve me more. Now let me go, farewell, a long farewell! Ye ne’er shall see my living face again.
Antigone	Ah me!
Polyneices	Bewail me not.
Antigone	Who would not mourn Thee, brother, hurrying to an open pit!
Polyneices	If I must die, I must.
Antigone	Nay, hear me plead.
Polyneices	It may not be; forbear.
Antigone	Then woe is me, If I must lose thee.
Polyneices	Nay, that rests with fate, Whether I live or die; but for you both I pray to heaven ye may escape all ill; For ye are blameless in the eyes of all. Exit Polyneices.
Chorus	Strophe 1 Ills on ills! no pause or rest! Come they from our sightless guest? Or haply now we see fulfilled What fate long time hath willed? For ne’er have I proved vain Aught that the heavenly powers ordain. Time with never sleeping eye Watches what is writ on high, Overthrowing now the great, Raising now from low estate. Hark! How the thunder rumbles! Zeus defend us!
Oedipus	Children, my children! will no messenger Go summon hither Theseus my best friend?
Antigone	And wherefore, father, dost thou summon him?
Oedipus	This winged thunder of the god must bear me Anon to Hades. Send and tarry not.
Chorus	Antistrophe 1 Hark! with louder, nearer roar The bolt of Zeus descends once more. My spirit quails and cowers: my hair Bristles for fear. Again that flare! What doth the lightning-flash portend? Ever it points to issues grave. Dread powers of air! Save, Zeus, O save!
Oedipus	Daughters, upon me the predestined end Has come; no turning from it any more.
Antigone	How knowest thou? What sign convinces thee?
Oedipus	I know full well. Let some one with all speed Go summon hither the Athenian prince.
Chorus	Strophe 2 Ha! once more the deafening sound Peals yet louder all around If thou darkenest our land, Lightly, lightly lay thy hand; Grace, not anger, let me win, If upon a man of sin I have looked with pitying eye, Zeus, our king, to thee I cry!
Oedipus	Is the prince coming? Will he when he comes Find me yet living and my senses clear!
Antigone	What solemn charge would’st thou impress on him?
Oedipus	For all his benefits I would perform The promise made when I received them first.
Chorus	Antistrophe 2 Hither haste, my son, arise, Altar leave and sacrifice, If haply to Poseidon now In the far glade thou pay’st thy vow. For our guest to thee would bring And thy folk and offering, Thy due guerdon. Haste, O King!
	Enter Theseus.
Theseus	Wherefore again this general din? at once My people call me and the stranger calls. Is it a thunderbolt of Zeus or sleet Of arrowy hail? a storm so fierce as this Would warrant all surmises of mischance.
Oedipus	Thou com’st much wished for, Prince, and sure some god Hath bid good luck attend thee on thy way.
Theseus	What, son of Laius, hath chanced of new?
Oedipus	My life hath turned the scale. I would do all I promised thee and thine before I die.
Theseus	What sign assures thee that thine end is near?
Oedipus	The gods themselves are heralds of my fate; Of their appointed warnings nothing fails.
Theseus	How sayest thou they signify their will?
Oedipus	This thunder, peal on peal, this lightning hurled Flash upon flash, from the unconquered hand.
Theseus	I must believe thee, having found thee oft A prophet true; then speak what must be done.
Oedipus	O son of Aegeus, for this state will I Unfold a treasure age cannot corrupt. Myself anon without a guiding hand Will take thee to the spot where I must end. This secret ne’er reveal to mortal man, Neither the spot nor whereabouts it lies, So shall it ever serve thee for defense Better than native shields and near allies. But those dread mysteries speech may not profane Thyself shalt gather coming there alone; Since not to any of thy subjects, nor To my own children, though I love them dearly, Can I reveal what thou must guard alone, And whisper to thy chosen heir alone, So to be handed down from heir to heir. Thus shalt thou hold this land inviolate From the dread Dragon’s brood.4 The justest State By countless wanton neighbours may be wronged, For the gods, though they tarry, mark for doom The godless sinner in his mad career. Far from thee, son of Aegeus, be such fate! Thou knowest, yet I would admonish thee. But to the spot—the god within me goads— Let us set forth no longer hesitate. Follow me, daughters, this way. Strange that I Whom ye have led so long should lead you now. Oh, touch me not, but let me all alone Find out the sepulcher that destiny Appoints me in this land. Hither, this way, For this way Hermes leads, the spirit guide, And Persephassa, empress of the dead. O light, no light to me, but mine erewhile, Now the last time I feel thee palpable, For I am drawing near the final gloom Of Hades. Blessing on thee, dearest friend, On thee and on thy land and followers! Live prosperous and in your happy state Still for your welfare think on me, the dead. Exit Theseus* followed by Antigone and Ismene.*
Chorus	Strophe If mortal prayers are heard in hell, Hear, Goddess dread, invisible! Monarch of the regions drear, Aidoneus, hear, O hear! By a gentle, tearless doom Speed this stranger to the gloom, Let him enter without pain The all-shrouding Stygian plain. Wrongfully in life oppressed, Be he now by Justice blessed. Antistrophe Queen infernal, and thou fell Watch-dog of the gates of hell, Who, as legends tell, dost glare, Gnarling in thy cavernous lair At all comers, let him go Scathless to the fields below. For thy master orders thus, The son of earth and Tartarus; In his den the monster keep, Giver of eternal sleep.
	Enter Messenger.
Messenger	Friends, countrymen, my tidings are in sum That Oedipus is gone, but the event Was not so brief, nor can the tale be brief.
Chorus	What, has he gone, the unhappy man?
Messenger	Know well That he has passed away from life to death.
Chorus	How? By a god-sent, painless doom, poor soul?
Messenger	Thy question hits the marvel of the tale. How he moved hence, you saw him and must know; Without a friend to lead the way, himself Guiding us all. So having reached the abrupt Earth-rooted Threshold with its brazen stairs, He paused at one of the converging paths, Hard by the rocky basin which records The pact of Theseus and Peirithous. Betwixt that rift and the Thorician rock, The hollow pear-tree and the marble tomb, Midway he sat and loosed his beggar’s weeds; Then calling to his daughters bade them fetch Of running water, both to wash withal And make libation; so they clomb the steep, Demeter’s hill, who waters the green shoots; And in brief space brought what their father bade, Then laved and dressed him with observance due. But when he had his will in everything, And no desire was left unsatisfied, It thundered from the netherworld; the maids Shivered, and crouching at their father’s knees Wept, beat their breast and uttered a long wail. He, as he heard their sudden bitter cry, Folded his arms about them both and said, “My children, ye will lose your sire today, For all of me has perished, and no more Have ye to bear your long, long ministry; A heavy load, I know, and yet one word Wipes out all score of tribulations—love. And love from me ye had—from no man more; But now must live without me all your days.” So clinging to each other sobbed and wept Father and daughters both, but when at last Their mourning had an end and no wail rose, A moment there was silence; suddenly A voice that summoned him; with sudden dread The hair of all stood up and all were ’mazed; For the call came, now loud, now low, and oft. “Oedipus, Oedipus, why tarry we? Too long, too long thy passing is delayed.” But when he heard the summons of the god, He prayed that Theseus might be brought, and when The Prince came nearer: “O my friend,” he cried, “Pledge ye my daughters, giving thy right hand— And, daughters, give him yours—and promise me Thou never wilt forsake them, but do all That time and friendship prompt in their behoof.” And he of his nobility repressed His tears and swore to be their constant friend. This promise given, Oedipus put forth Blind hands and laid them on his children, saying, “O children, prove your true nobility And hence depart nor seek to witness sights Unlawful or to hear unlawful words. Nay, go with speed; let none but Theseus stay, Our ruler, to behold what next shall hap.” So we all heard him speak, and weeping sore We companied the maidens on their way. After brief space we looked again, and lo The man was gone, evanished from our eyes; Only the king we saw with upraised hand Shading his eyes as from some awful sight, That no man might endure to look upon. A moment later, and we saw him bend In prayer to Earth and prayer to Heaven at once. But by what doom the stranger met his end No man save Theseus knoweth. For there fell No fiery bold that reft him in that hour, Nor whirlwind from the sea, but he was taken. It was a messenger from heaven, or else Some gentle, painless cleaving of earth’s base; For without wailing or disease or pain He passed away—and end most marvellous. And if to some my tale seems foolishness I am content that such could count me fool.
Chorus	Where are the maids and their attendant friends?
Messenger	They cannot be far off; the approaching sound Of lamentation tells they come this way.
	Enter Antigone* and Ismene.*
Antigone	Strophe 1 Woe, woe! on this sad day We sisters of one blasted stock Must bow beneath the shock, Must weep and weep the curse that lay On him our sire, for whom In life, a life-long world of care ’Twas ours to bear, In death must face the gloom That wraps his tomb. What tongue can tell That sight ineffable?
Chorus	What mean ye, maidens?
Antigone	All is but surmise.
Chorus	Is he then gone?
Antigone	Gone as ye most might wish. Not in battle or sea storm, But reft from sight, By hands invisible borne To viewless fields of night. Ah me! on us too night has come, The night of mourning. Whither roam O’er land or sea in our distress Eating the bread of bitterness?
Ismene	I know not. O that Death Might nip my breath, And let me share my aged father’s fate. I cannot live a life thus desolate.
Chorus	Best of daughters, worthy pair, What heaven brings ye needs must bear, Fret no more ’gainst Heaven’s will; Fate hath dealt with you not ill.
Antigone	Antistrophe 1 Love can turn past pain to bliss, What seemed bitter now is sweet. Ah me! that happy toil to miss, The guidance of those dear blind feet. Dear father, wrapt for aye in nether gloom, E’en in the tomb Never shalt thou lack of love repine, Her love and mine.
Chorus	His fate—
Antigone	Is even as he planned.
Chorus	How so?
Antigone	He died, so willed he, in a foreign land. Lapped in kind earth he sleeps his long last sleep, And o’er his grave friends weep. How great our lost these streaming eyes can tell, This sorrow naught can quell. Thou hadst thy wish ’mid strangers thus to die, But I, ah me, not by.
Ismene	Alas, my sister, what new fate … … Befalls us orphans desolate?
Chorus	His end was blessèd; therefore, children, stay Your sorrow. Man is born to fate a prey.
Antigone	Strophe 2 Sister, let us back again.
Ismene	Why return?
Antigone	My soul is fain—
Ismene	Is fain?
Antigone	To see the earthy bed.
Ismene	Sayest thou?
Antigone	Where our sire is laid.
Ismene	Nay, thou can’st not; dost not see—
Antigone	Sister, wherefore wroth with me?
Ismene	Know’st not—beside—
Antigone	More must I hear?
Ismene	Tombless he died, none near.
Antigone	Lead me thither; slay me there.
Ismene	How shall I unhappy fare, Friendless, helpless, how drag on A life of misery alone?
Chorus	Antistrophe 2 Fear not, maids—
Antigone	Ah, whither flee?
Chorus	Refuge hath been found.
Antigone	For me?
Chorus	Where thou shalt be safe from harm.
Antigone	I know it.
Chorus	Why then this alarm?
Antigone	How again to get us home I know not.
Chorus	Why then roam?
Antigone	Troubles whelm us—
Chorus	As of yore.
Antigone	Worse than what was worse before.
Chorus	Sure ye are driven on the breakers’ surge.
Antigone	Alas! we are.
Chorus	Alas! ’tis so.
Antigone	Ah whither turn, O Zeus? No ray Of hope to cheer the way Whereon the fates our desperate voyage urge.
	Enter Theseus.
Theseus	Dry your tears; when grace is shed On the quick and on the dead By dark Powers beneficent, Over-grief they would resent.
Antigone	Aegeus’ child, to thee we pray.
Theseus	What the boon, my children, say.
Antigone	With our own eyes we fain would see Our father’s tomb.
Theseus	That may not be.
Antigone	What say’st thou, King?
Theseus	My children, he Charged me straitly that no mortal Should approach the sacred portal, Or greet with funeral litanies The hidden tomb wherein he lies; Saying, “If thou keep’st my hest Thou shalt hold thy realm at rest.” The God of Oaths this promise heard, And to Zeus I pledged my word.
Antigone	Well, if he would have it so, We must yield. Then let us go Back to Thebes, if yet we may Heal this mortal feud and stay The self-wrought doom That drives our brothers to their tomb.
Theseus	Go in peace; nor will I spare Ought of toil and zealous care, But on all your needs attend, Gladdening in his grave my friend.
Chorus	Wail no more, let sorrow rest, All is ordered for the best.

fetching the rest…

Argument

Dramatis Personae

Oedipus, banished King of Thebes

Antigone, his daughter

Ismene, his daughter

Theseus, King of Athens

Creon, brother of Jocasta, now reigning at Thebes

Polyneices, elder son of Oedipus

Stranger, a native of Colonus

Messenger, an attendant of Theseus

Chorus, citizens of Colonus

Scene: In front of the grove of the Eumenides.