Three Sisters

Name: Three Sisters
Author: Anton Chekhov

Anton Chekhov, translated by Julius West

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Dramatis Personae

Andrey Sergeyevitch Prosorov
Natalia Ivanova (Natasha), his fiancée, later his wife (28)
Olga (28),
Masha (23),
Irina (20), his sisters
Feodor Ilitch Kuligin, high school teacher, married to Masha
Alexander Ignateyevitch Vershinin, lieutenant-colonel in charge of a battery (42)
Nicolai Lvovitch Tuzenbach, baron, lieutenant in the army (30)
Vassili Vassilevitch Soleni, captain
Ivan Romanovitch Chebutikin, army doctor (60)
Alexey Petrovitch Fedotik, sublieutenant
Vladimir Carlovitch Rode, sublieutenant
Ferapont, doorkeeper at local council offices, an old man
Anfisa, nurse (80)

The action takes place in a provincial town.

(Ages are stated in parentheses.)

Act I

In Prosorov’s house. A sitting-room with pillars; behind is seen a large dining-room. It is midday, the sun is shining brightly outside. In the dining-room the table is being laid for lunch.

	Olga, in the regulation blue dress of a teacher at a girl’s high school, is walking about correcting exercise books; Masha, in a black dress, with a hat on her knees, sits and reads a book; Irina, in white, stands about, with a thoughtful expression.
Olga	It’s just a year since father died last May the fifth, on your name day, Irina. It was very cold then, and snowing. I thought I would never survive it, and you were in a dead faint. And now a year has gone by and we are already thinking about it without pain, and you are wearing a white dress and your face is happy. Clock strikes twelve. And the clock struck just the same way then. Pause. I remember that there was music at the funeral, and they fired a volley in the cemetery. He was a general in command of a brigade but there were few people present. Of course, it was raining then, raining hard, and snowing.
Irina	Why think about it!
	Baron Tuzenbach, Chebutikin and Soleni appear by the table in the dining-room, behind the pillars.
Olga	It’s so warm today that we can keep the windows open, though the birches are not yet in flower. Father was put in command of a brigade, and he rode out of Moscow with us eleven years ago. I remember perfectly that it was early in May and that everything in Moscow was flowering then. It was warm too, everything was bathed in sunshine. Eleven years have gone, and I remember everything as if we rode out only yesterday. Oh, God! When I awoke this morning and saw all the light and the spring, joy entered my heart, and I longed passionately to go home.
Chebutikin	Will you take a bet on it?
Tuzenbach	Oh, nonsense.
	Masha, lost in a reverie over her book, whistles softly.
Olga	Don’t whistle, Masha. How can you! Pause. I’m always having headaches from having to go to the high school every day and then teach till evening. Strange thoughts come to me, as if I were already an old woman. And really, during these four years that I have been working here, I have been feeling as if every day my strength and youth have been squeezed out of me, drop by drop. And only one desire grows and gains in strength …
Irina	To go away to Moscow. To sell the house, drop everything here, and go to Moscow …
Olga	Yes! To Moscow, and as soon as possible.
	Chebutikin and Tuzenbach laugh.
Irina	I expect Andrey will become a professor, but still, he won’t want to live here. Only poor Masha must go on living here.
Olga	Masha can come to Moscow every year, for the whole summer.
	Masha is whistling gently.
Irina	Everything will be arranged, please God. Looks out of the window. It’s nice out today. I don’t know why I’m so happy: I remembered this morning that it was my name day, and I suddenly felt glad and remembered my childhood, when mother was still with us. What beautiful thoughts I had, what thoughts!
Olga	You’re all radiance today, I’ve never seen you look so lovely. And Masha is pretty, too. Andrey wouldn’t be bad-looking, if he wasn’t so stout; it does spoil his appearance. But I’ve grown old and very thin, I suppose it’s because I get angry with the girls at school. Today I’m free. I’m at home. I haven’t got a headache, and I feel younger than I was yesterday. I’m only twenty-eight. … All’s well, God is everywhere, but it seems to me that if only I were married and could stay at home all day, it would be even better. Pause. I should love my husband.
Tuzenbach	To Soleni. I’m tired of listening to the rot you talk. Entering the sitting-room. I forgot to say that Vershinin, our new lieutenant-colonel of artillery, is coming to see us today. Sits down to the piano.
Olga	That’s good. I’m glad.
Irina	Is he old?
Tuzenbach	Oh, no. Forty or forty-five, at the very outside. Plays softly. He seems rather a good sort. He’s certainly no fool, only he likes to hear himself speak.
Irina	Is he interesting?
Tuzenbach	Oh, he’s all right, but there’s his wife, his mother-in-law, and two daughters. This is his second wife. He pays calls and tells everybody that he’s got a wife and two daughters. He’ll tell you so here. The wife isn’t all there, she does her hair like a flapper and gushes extremely. She talks philosophy and tries to commit suicide every now and again, apparently in order to annoy her husband. I should have left her long ago, but he bears up patiently, and just grumbles.
Soleni	Enters with Chebutikin* from the dining-room.* With one hand I can only lift fifty-four pounds, but with both hands I can lift 180, or even 200 pounds. From this I conclude that two men are not twice as strong as one, but three times, perhaps even more. …
Chebutikin	Reads a newspaper as he walks. If your hair is coming out … take an ounce of naphthaline and hail a bottle of spirit … dissolve and use daily. … Makes a note in his pocket diary. When found make a note of! Not that I want it though. … Crosses it out. It doesn’t matter.
Irina	Ivan Romanovitch, dear Ivan Romanovitch!
Chebutikin	What does my own little girl want?
Irina	Ivan Romanovitch, dear Ivan Romanovitch! I feel as if I were sailing under the broad blue sky with great white birds around me. Why is that? Why?
Chebutikin	Kisses her hands, tenderly. My white bird. …
Irina	When I woke up today and got up and dressed myself, I suddenly began to feel as if everything in this life was open to me, and that I knew how I must live. Dear Ivan Romanovitch, I know everything. A man must work, toil in the sweat of his brow, whoever he may be, for that is the meaning and object of his life, his happiness, his enthusiasm. How fine it is to be a workman who gets up at daybreak and breaks stones in the street, or a shepherd, or a schoolmaster, who teaches children, or an engine-driver on the railway. … My God, let alone a man, it’s better to be an ox, or just a horse, so long as it can work, than a young woman who wakes up at twelve o’clock, has her coffee in bed, and then spends two hours dressing. … Oh it’s awful! Sometimes when it’s hot, your thirst can be just as tiresome as my need for work. And if I don’t get up early in future and work, Ivan Romanovitch, then you may refuse me your friendship.
Chebutikin	Tenderly. I’ll refuse, I’ll refuse. …
Olga	Father used to make us get up at seven. Now Irina wakes at seven and lies and meditates about something till nine at least. And she looks so serious! Laughs.
Irina	You’re so used to seeing me as a little girl that it seems queer to you when my face is serious. I’m twenty!
Tuzenbach	How well I can understand that craving for work, oh God! I’ve never worked once in my life. I was born in Petersburg, a chilly, lazy place, in a family which never knew what work or worry meant. I remember that when I used to come home from my regiment, a footman used to have to pull off my boots while I fidgeted and my mother looked on in adoration and wondered why other people didn’t see me in the same light. They shielded me from work; but only just in time! A new age is dawning, the people are marching on us all, a powerful, health-giving storm is gathering, it is drawing near, soon it will be upon us and it will drive away laziness, indifference, the prejudice against labour, and rotten dullness from our society. I shall work, and in twenty-five or thirty years, every man will have to work. Everyone!
Chebutikin	I shan’t work.
Tuzenbach	You don’t matter.
Soleni	In twenty-five years’ time, we shall all be dead, thank the Lord. In two or three years’ time apoplexy will carry you off, or else I’ll blow your brains out, my pet. Takes a scent-bottle out of his pocket and sprinkles his chest and hands.
Chebutikin	Laughs. It’s quite true, I never have worked. After I came down from the university I never stirred a finger or opened a book, I just read the papers. … Takes another newspaper out of his pocket. Here we are. … I’ve learnt from the papers that there used to be one, Dobrolubov,1 for instance, but what he wrote—I don’t know … God only knows. … Somebody is heard tapping on the floor from below. There. … They’re calling me downstairs, somebody’s come to see me. I’ll be back in a minute … won’t be long. … Exit hurriedly, scratching his beard.
Irina	He’s up to something.
Tuzenbach	Yes, he looked so pleased as he went out that I’m pretty certain he’ll bring you a present in a moment.
Irina	How unpleasant!
Olga	Yes, it’s awful. He’s always doing silly things.
Masha	“There stands a green oak by the sea. And a chain of bright gold is around it … And a chain of bright gold is around it. …” Gets up and sings softly.
Olga	You’re not very bright today, Masha. Masha sings, putting on her hat. Where are you off to?
Masha	Home.
Irina	That’s odd. …
Tuzenbach	On a name day, too!
Masha	It doesn’t matter. I’ll come in the evening. Goodbye, dear. Kisses Irina. Many happy returns, though I’ve said it before. In the old days when father was alive, every time we had a name day, thirty or forty officers used to come, and there was lots of noise and fun, and today there’s only a man and a half, and it’s as quiet as a desert … I’m off … I’ve got the hump today, and am not at all cheerful, so don’t you mind me. Laughs through her tears. We’ll have a talk later on, but goodbye for the present, my dear; I’ll go somewhere.
Irina	Displeased. You are queer. …
Olga	Crying. I understand you, Masha.
Soleni	When a man talks philosophy, well, it is philosophy or at any rate sophistry; but when a woman, or two women, talk philosophy—it’s all my eye.
Masha	What do you mean by that, you very awful man?
Soleni	Oh, nothing. You came down on me before I could say … help! Pause.
Masha	Angrily, to Olga. Don’t cry!
	Enter Anfisa* and Ferapont with a cake.*
Anfisa	This way, my dear. Come in, your feet are clean. To Irina. From the District Council, from Mihail Ivanitch Protopopov … a cake.
Irina	Thank you. Please thank him. Takes the cake.
Ferapont	What?
Irina	Louder. Please thank him.
Olga	Give him a pie, nurse. Ferapont, go, she’ll give you a pie.
Ferapont	What?
Anfisa	Come on, gran’fer, Ferapont Spiridonitch. Come on. Exeunt.
Masha	I don’t like this Mihail Potapitch or Ivanitch, Protopopov. We oughtn’t to invite him here.
Irina	I never asked him.
Masha	That’s all right.
	Enter Chebutikin* followed by a soldier with a silver samovar; there is a rumble of dissatisfied surprise.*
Olga	Covers her face with her hands. A samovar! That’s awful! Exit into the dining-room, to the table.
Irina	My dear Ivan Romanovitch, what are you doing!
Tuzenbach	Laughs. I told you so!
Masha	Ivan Romanovitch, you are simply shameless!
Chebutikin	My dear good girl, you are the only thing, and the dearest thing I have in the world. I’ll soon be sixty. I’m an old man, a lonely worthless old man. The only good thing in me is my love for you, and if it hadn’t been for that, I would have been dead long ago. … To Irina. My dear little girl, I’ve known you since the day of your birth, I’ve carried you in my arms … I loved your dead mother. …
Masha	But your presents are so expensive!
Chebutikin	Angrily, through his tears. Expensive presents. … You really, are! … To the orderly. Take the samovar in there. … Teasing. Expensive presents!
	The orderly goes into the dining-room with the samovar.
Anfisa	Enters and crosses stage. My dear, there’s a strange Colonel come! He’s taken off his coat already. Children, he’s coming here. Irina darling, you’ll be a nice and polite little girl, won’t you. … Should have lunched a long time ago. … Oh, Lord. … Exit.
Tuzenbach	It must be Vershinin. Enter Vershinin. Lieutenant-Colonel Vershinin!
Vershinin	To Masha* and Irina.* I have the honour to introduce myself, my name is Vershinin. I am very glad indeed to be able to come at last. How you’ve grown! Oh! oh!
Irina	Please sit down. We’re very glad you’ve come.
Vershinin	Gaily. I am glad, very glad! But there are three sisters, surely. I remember—three little girls. I forget your faces, but your father, Colonel Prosorov, used to have three little girls, I remember that perfectly, I saw them with my own eyes. How time does fly! Oh, dear, how it flies!
Tuzenbach	Alexander Ignateyevitch comes from Moscow.
Irina	From Moscow? Are you from Moscow?
Vershinin	Yes, that’s so. Your father used to be in charge of a battery there, and I was an officer in the same brigade. To Masha. I seem to remember your face a little.
Masha	I don’t remember you.
Irina	Olga! Olga! Shouts into the dining-room. Olga! Come along! Olga enters from the dining-room. Lieutenant Colonel Vershinin comes from Moscow, as it happens.
Vershinin	I take it that you are Olga Sergeyevna, the eldest, and that you are Maria … and you are Irina, the youngest. …
Olga	So you come from Moscow?
Vershinin	Yes. I went to school in Moscow and began my service there; I was there for a long time until at last I got my battery and moved over here, as you see. I don’t really remember you, I only remember that there used to be three sisters. I remember your father well; I have only to shut my eyes to see him as he was. I used to come to your house in Moscow. …
Olga	I used to think I remembered everybody, but …
Vershinin	My name is Alexander Ignateyevitch.
Irina	Alexander Ignateyevitch, you’ve come from Moscow. That is really quite a surprise!
Olga	We are going to live there, you see.
Irina	We think we may be there this autumn. It’s our native town, we were born there. In Old Basmanni Road. … They both laugh for joy.
Masha	We’ve unexpectedly met a fellow countryman. Briskly. I remember: Do you remember, Olga, they used to speak at home of a “lovelorn Major.” You were only a Lieutenant then, and in love with somebody, but for some reason they always called you a Major for fun.
Vershinin	Laughs. That’s it … the lovelorn Major, that’s got it!
Masha	You only wore moustaches then. You have grown older! Through her tears. You have grown older!
Vershinin	Yes, when they used to call me the lovelorn Major, I was young and in love. I’ve grown out of both now.
Olga	But you haven’t a single white hair yet. You’re older, but you’re not yet old.
Vershinin	I’m forty-two, anyway. Have you been away from Moscow long?
Irina	Eleven years. What are you crying for, Masha, you little fool. … Crying. And I’m crying too.
Masha	It’s all right. And where did you live?
Vershinin	Old Basmanni Road.
Olga	Same as we.
Vershinin	Once I used to live in German Street. That was when the Red Barracks were my headquarters. There’s an ugly bridge in between, where the water rushes underneath. One gets melancholy when one is alone there. Pause. Here the river is so wide and fine! It’s a splendid river!
Olga	Yes, but it’s so cold. It’s very cold here, and the midges. …
Vershinin	What are you saying! Here you’ve got such a fine healthy Russian climate. You’ve a forest, a river … and birches. Dear, modest birches, I like them more than any other tree. It’s good to live here. Only it’s odd that the railway station should be thirteen miles away. … Nobody knows why.
Soleni	I know why. All look at him. Because if it was near it wouldn’t be far off, and if it’s far off, it can’t be near. An awkward pause.
Tuzenbach	Funny man.
Olga	Now I know who you are. I remember.
Vershinin	I used to know your mother.
Chebutikin	She was a good woman, rest her soul.
Irina	Mother is buried in Moscow.
Olga	At the Novo-Devichi Cemetery.
Masha	Do you know, I’m beginning to forget her face. We’ll be forgotten in just the same way.
Vershinin	Yes, they’ll forget us. It’s our fate, it can’t be helped. A time will come when everything that seems serious, significant, or very important to us will be forgotten, or considered trivial. Pause. And the curious thing is that we can’t possibly find out what will come to be regarded as great and important, and what will be feeble, or silly. Didn’t the discoveries of Copernicus, or Columbus, say, seem unnecessary and ludicrous at first, while wasn’t it thought that some rubbish written by a fool, held all the truth? And it may so happen that our present existence, with which we are so satisfied, will in time appear strange, inconvenient, stupid, unclean, perhaps even sinful. …
Tuzenbach	Who knows? But on the other hand, they may call our life noble and honour its memory. We’ve abolished torture and capital punishment, we live in security, but how much suffering there is still!
Soleni	In a feeble voice. There, there. … The Baron will go without his dinner if you only let him talk philosophy.
Tuzenbach	Vassili Vassilevitch, kindly leave me alone. Changes his chair. You’re very dull, you know.
Soleni	Feebly. There, there, there.
Tuzenbach	To Vershinin. The sufferings we see today—there are so many of them!—still indicate a certain moral improvement in society.
Vershinin	Yes, yes, of course.
Chebutikin	You said just now, Baron, that they may call our life noble; but we are very petty. … Stands up. See how little I am. Violin played behind.
Masha	That’s Andrey playing—our brother.
Irina	He’s the learned member of the family. I expect he will be a professor some day. Father was a soldier, but his son chose an academic career for himself.
Masha	That was father’s wish.
Olga	We ragged him today. We think he’s a little in love.
Irina	To a local lady. She will probably come here today.
Masha	You should see the way she dresses! Quite prettily, quite fashionably too, but so badly! Some queer bright yellow skirt with a wretched little fringe and a red bodice. And such a complexion! Andrey isn’t in love. After all he has taste, he’s simply making fun of us. I heard yesterday that she was going to marry Protopopov, the chairman of the Local Council. That would do her nicely. … At the side door. Andrey, come here! Just for a minute, dear! Enter Andrey.
Olga	My brother, Andrey Sergeyevitch.
Vershinin	My name is Vershinin.
Andrey	Mine is Prosorov. Wipes his perspiring hands. You’ve come to take charge of the battery?
Olga	Just think, Alexander Ignateyevitch comes from Moscow.
Andrey	That’s all right. Now my little sisters won’t give you any rest.
Vershinin	I’ve already managed to bore your sisters.
Irina	Just look what a nice little photograph frame Andrey gave me today. Shows it. He made it himself.
Vershinin	Looks at the frame and does not know what to say. Yes. … It’s a thing that …
Irina	And he made that frame there, on the piano as well. Andrey waves his hand and walks away.
Olga	He’s got a degree, and plays the violin, and cuts all sorts of things out of wood, and is really a domestic Admirable Crichton. Don’t go away, Andrey! He’s got into a habit of always going away. Come here!
	Masha and Irina take his arms and laughingly lead him back.
Masha	Come on, come on!
Andrey	Please leave me alone.
Masha	You are funny. Alexander Ignateyevitch used to be called the lovelorn Major, but he never minded.
Vershinin	Not the least.
Masha	I’d like to call you the lovelorn fiddler!
Irina	Or the lovelorn professor!
Olga	He’s in love! little Andrey is in love!
Irina	Applauds. Bravo, Bravo! Encore! Little Andrey is in love.
Chebutikin	Goes up behind Andrey* and takes him round the waist with both arms.* Nature only brought us into the world that we should love! Roars with laughter, then sits down and reads a newspaper which he takes out of his pocket.
Andrey	That’s enough, quite enough. … Wipes his face. I couldn’t sleep all night and now I can’t quite find my feet, so to speak. I read until four o’clock, then tried to sleep, but nothing happened. I thought about one thing and another, and then it dawned and the sun crawled into my bedroom. This summer, while I’m here, I want to translate a book from the English. …
Vershinin	Do you read English?
Andrey	Yes father, rest his soul, educated us almost violently. It may seem funny and silly, but it’s nevertheless true, that after his death I began to fill out and get rounder, as if my body had had some great pressure taken off it. Thanks to father, my sisters and I know French, German, and English, and Irina knows Italian as well. But we paid dearly for it all!
Masha	A knowledge of three languages is an unnecessary luxury in this town. It isn’t even a luxury but a sort of useless extra, like a sixth finger. We know a lot too much.
Vershinin	Well, I say! Laughs. You know a lot too much! I don’t think there can really be a town so dull and stupid as to have no place for a clever, cultured person. Let us suppose even that among the hundred thousand inhabitants of this backward and uneducated town, there are only three persons like yourself. It stands to reason that you won’t be able to conquer that dark mob around you; little by little as you grow older you will be bound to give way and lose yourselves in this crowd of a hundred thousand human beings; their life will suck you up in itself, but still, you won’t disappear having influenced nobody; later on, others like you will come, perhaps six of them, then twelve, and so on, until at last your sort will be in the majority. In two or three hundred years’ time life on this earth will be unimaginably beautiful and wonderful. Mankind needs such a life, and if it is not ours today then we must look ahead for it, wait, think, prepare for it. We must see and know more than our fathers and grandfathers saw and knew. Laughs. And you complain that you know too much.
Masha	Takes off her hat. I’ll stay to lunch.
Irina	Sighs. Yes, all that ought to be written down.
	Andrey has gone out quietly.
Tuzenbach	You say that many years later on, life on this earth will be beautiful and wonderful. That’s true. But to share in it now, even though at a distance, we must prepare by work. …
Vershinin	Gets up. Yes. What a lot of flowers you have. Looks round. It’s a beautiful flat. I envy you! I’ve spent my whole life in rooms with two chairs, one sofa, and fires which always smoke. I’ve never had flowers like these in my life. … Rubs his hands. Well, well!
Tuzenbach	Yes, we must work. You are probably thinking to yourself: the German lets himself go. But I assure you I’m a Russian, I can’t even speak German. My father belonged to the Orthodox Church. … Pause.
Vershinin	Walks about the stage. I often wonder: suppose we could begin life over again, knowing what we were doing? Suppose we could use one life, already ended, as a sort of rough draft for another? I think that every one of us would try, more than anything else, not to repeat himself, at the very least he would rearrange his manner of life, he would make sure of rooms like these, with flowers and light … I have a wife and two daughters, my wife’s health is delicate and so on and so on, and if I had to begin life all over again I would not marry. … No, no!
	Enter Kuligin* in a regulation jacket.*
Kuligin	Going up to Irina. Dear sister, allow me to congratulate you on the day sacred to your good angel and to wish you, sincerely and from the bottom of my heart, good health and all that one can wish for a girl of your years. And then let me offer you this book as a present. Gives it to her. It is the history of our high school during the last fifty years, written by myself. The book is worthless, and written because I had nothing to do, but read it all the same. Good day, gentlemen! To Vershinin. My name is Kuligin, I am a master of the local high school.2 To Irina. In this book you will find a list of all those who have taken the full course at our high school during these fifty years. Feci quod potui, faciant meliora potentes. Kisses Masha.
Irina	But you gave me one of these at Easter.
Kuligin	Laughs. I couldn’t have, surely! You’d better give it back to me in that case, or else give it to the Colonel. Take it, Colonel. You’ll read it some day when you’re bored.
Vershinin	Thank you. Prepares to go. I am extremely happy to have made the acquaintance of …
Olga	Must you go? No, not yet?
Irina	You’ll stop and have lunch with us. Please do.
Olga	Yes, please!
Vershinin	Bows. I seem to have dropped in on your name day. Forgive me, I didn’t know, and I didn’t offer you my congratulations. Goes with Olga* into the dining-room.*
Kuligin	Today is Sunday, the day of rest, so let us rest and rejoice, each in a manner compatible with his age and disposition. The carpets will have to be taken up for the summer and put away till the winter … Persian powder or naphthaline. … The Romans were healthy because they knew both how to work and how to rest, they had mens sana in corpore sano. Their life ran along certain recognized patterns. Our director says: “The chief thing about each life is its pattern. Whoever loses his pattern is lost himself”—and it’s just the same in our daily life. Takes Masha* by the waist, laughing.* Masha loves me. My wife loves me. And you ought to put the window curtains away with the carpets. … I’m feeling awfully pleased with life today. Masha, we’ve got to be at the director’s at four. They’re getting up a walk for the pedagogues and their families.
Masha	I shan’t go.
Kuligin	Hurt. My dear Masha, why not?
Masha	I’ll tell you later. … Angrily. All right, I’ll go, only please stand back. … Steps away.
Kuligin	And then we’re to spend the evening at the director’s. In spite of his ill-health that man tries, above everything else, to be sociable. A splendid, illuminating personality. A wonderful man. After yesterday’s committee he said to me: “I’m tired, Feodor Ilitch, I’m tired!” Looks at the clock, then at his watch. Your clock is seven minutes fast. “Yes,” he said, “I’m tired.” Violin played off.
Olga	Let’s go and have lunch! There’s to be a masterpiece of baking!
Kuligin	Oh my dear Olga, my dear. Yesterday I was working till eleven o’clock at night, and got awfully tired. Today I’m quite happy. Goes into dining-room. My dear …
Chebutikin	Puts his paper into his pocket, and combs his beard. A pie? Splendid!
Masha	Severely to Chebutikin. Only mind; you’re not to drink anything today. Do you hear? It’s bad for you.
Chebutikin	Oh, that’s all right. I haven’t been drunk for two years. And it’s all the same, anyway!
Masha	You’re not to dare to drink, all the same. Angrily, but so that her husband should not hear. Another dull evening at the Director’s, confound it!
Tuzenbach	I shouldn’t go if I were you. … It’s quite simple.
Chebutikin	Don’t go.
Masha	Yes, “don’t go. …” It’s a cursed, unbearable life. … Goes into dining-room.
Chebutikin	Follows her. It’s not so bad.
Soleni	Going into the dining-room. There, there, there. …
Tuzenbach	Vassili Vassilevitch, that’s enough. Be quiet!
Soleni	There, there, there. …
Kuligin	Gaily. Your health, Colonel! I’m a pedagogue and not quite at home here. I’m Masha’s husband. … She’s a good sort, a very good sort.
Vershinin	I’ll have some of this black vodka. … Drinks. Your health! To Olga. I’m very comfortable here!
	Only Irina* and Tuzenbach are now left in the sitting-room.*
Irina	Masha’s out of sorts today. She married when she was eighteen, when he seemed to her the wisest of men. And now it’s different. He’s the kindest man, but not the wisest.
Olga	Impatiently. Andrey, when are you coming?
Andrey	Off. One minute. Enters and goes to the table.
Tuzenbach	What are you thinking about?
Irina	I don’t like this Soleni of yours and I’m afraid of him. He only says silly things.
Tuzenbach	He’s a queer man. I’m sorry for him, though he vexes me. I think he’s shy. When there are just the two of us he’s quite all right and very good company; when other people are about he’s rough and hectoring. Don’t let’s go in, let them have their meal without us. Let me stay with you. What are you thinking of? Pause. You’re twenty. I’m not yet thirty. How many years are there left to us, with their long, long lines of days, filled with my love for you. …
Irina	Nicolai Lvovitch, don’t speak to me of love.
Tuzenbach	Does not hear. I’ve a great thirst for life, struggle, and work, and this thirst has united with my love for you, Irina, and you’re so beautiful, and life seems so beautiful to me! What are you thinking about?
Irina	You say that life is beautiful. Yes, if only it seems so! The life of us three hasn’t been beautiful yet; it has been stifling us as if it was weeds … I’m crying. I oughtn’t. … Dries her tears, smiles. We must work, work. That is why we are unhappy and look at the world so sadly; we don’t know what work is. Our parents despised work. …
	Enter Natalia Ivanova; she wears a pink dress and a green sash.
Natasha	They’re already at lunch … I’m late … Carefully examines herself in a mirror, and puts herself straight. I think my hair’s done all right. … Sees Irina. Dear Irina Sergeyevna, I congratulate you! Kisses her firmly and at length. You’ve so many visitors, I’m really ashamed. … How do you do, Baron!
Olga	Enters from dining-room. Here’s Natalia Ivanovna. How are you, dear! They kiss.
Natasha	Happy returns. I’m awfully shy, you’ve so many people here.
Olga	All our friends. Frightened, in an undertone. You’re wearing a green sash! My dear, you shouldn’t!
Natasha	Is it a sign of anything?
Olga	No, it simply doesn’t go well … and it looks so queer.
Natasha	In a tearful voice. Yes? But it isn’t really green, it’s too dull for that. Goes into dining-room with Olga.
	They have all sat down to lunch in the dining-room, the sitting-room is empty.
Kuligin	I wish you a nice fiancée, Irina. It’s quite time you married.
Chebutikin	Natalia Ivanovna, I wish you the same.
Kuligin	Natalia Ivanovna has a fiancé already.
Masha	Raps with her fork on a plate. Let’s all get drunk and make life purple for once!
Kuligin	You’ve lost three good conduct marks.
Vershinin	This is a nice drink. What’s it made of?
Soleni	Blackbeetles.
Irina	Tearfully. Phoo! How disgusting!
Olga	There is to be a roast turkey and a sweet apple pie for dinner. Thank goodness I can spend all day and the evening at home. You’ll come in the evening, ladies and gentlemen. …
Vershinin	And please may I come in the evening!
Irina	Please do.
Natasha	They don’t stand on ceremony here.
Chebutikin	Nature only brought us into the world that we should love! Laughs.
Andrey	Angrily. Please don’t! Aren’t you tired of it?
	Enter Fedotik* and Rode with a large basket of flowers.*
Fedotik	They’re lunching already.
Rode	Loudly and thickly. Lunching? Yes, so they are. …
Fedotik	Wait a minute! Takes a photograph. That’s one. No, just a moment. … Takes another. That’s two. Now we’re ready!
	They take the basket and go into the dining-room, where they have a noisy reception.
Rode	Loudly. Congratulations and best wishes! Lovely weather today, simply perfect. Was out walking with the high school students all the morning. I take their drills.
Fedotik	You may move, Irina Sergeyevna! Takes a photograph. You look well today. Takes a humming-top out of his pocket. Here’s a humming-top, by the way. It’s got a lovely note!
Irina	How awfully nice!
Masha	“There stands a green oak by the sea, And a chain of bright gold is around it … And a chain of bright gold is around it …” Tearfully. What am I saying that for? I’ve had those words running in my head all day. …
Kuligin	There are thirteen at table!
Rode	Aloud. Surely you don’t believe in that superstition? Laughter.
Kuligin	If there are thirteen at table then it means there are lovers present. It isn’t you, Ivan Romanovitch, hang it all. … Laughter.
Chebutikin	I’m a hardened sinner, but I really don’t see why Natalia Ivanovna should blush. …
	Loud laughter; Natasha* runs out into the sitting-room, followed by Andrey.*
Andrey	Don’t pay any attention to them! Wait … do stop, please. …
Natasha	I’m shy … I don’t know what’s the matter with me and they’re all laughing at me. It wasn’t nice of me to leave the table like that, but I can’t … I can’t. Covers her face with her hands.
Andrey	My dear, I beg you. I implore you not to excite yourself. I assure you they’re only joking, they’re kind people. My dear, good girl, they’re all kind and sincere people, and they like both you and me. Come here to the window, they can’t see us here. … Looks round.
Natasha	I’m so unaccustomed to meeting people!
Andrey	Oh your youth, your splendid, beautiful youth! My darling, don’t be so excited! Believe me, believe me … I’m so happy, my soul is full of love, of ecstasy. … They don’t see us! They can’t! Why, why or when did I fall in love with you—Oh, I can’t understand anything. My dear, my pure darling, be my wife! I love you, love you … as never before. … They kiss.
	Two officers come in and, seeing the lovers kiss, stop in astonishment.

Act II

Scene as before. It is 8 p.m. Somebody is heard playing a concertina outside in the street. There is no fire.

	Natalia Ivanovna enters in indoor dress carrying a candle; she stops by the door which leads into Andrey’s room.
Natasha	What are you doing, Andrey? Are you reading? It’s nothing, only I. … She opens another door, and looks in, then closes it. Isn’t there any fire. …
Andrey	Enters with book in hand. What are you doing, Natasha?
Natasha	I was looking to see if there wasn’t a fire. It’s Shrovetide, and the servant is simply beside herself; I must look out that something doesn’t happen. When I came through the dining-room yesterday midnight, there was a candle burning. I couldn’t get her to tell me who had lighted it. Puts down her candle. What’s the time?
Andrey	Looks at his watch. A quarter past eight.
Natasha	And Olga and Irina aren’t in yet. The poor things are still at work. Olga at the teacher’s council, Irina at the telegraph office. … Sighs. I said to your sister this morning, “Irina, darling, you must take care of yourself.” But she pays no attention. Did you say it was a quarter past eight? I am afraid little Bobby is quite ill. Why is he so cold? He was feverish yesterday, but today he is quite cold … I am so frightened!
Andrey	It’s all right, Natasha. The boy is well.
Natasha	Still, I think we ought to put him on a diet. I am so afraid. And the entertainers were to be here after nine; they had better not come, Audrey.
Andrey	I don’t know. After all, they were asked.
Natasha	This morning, when the little boy woke up and saw me he suddenly smiled; that means he knew me. “Good morning, Bobby!” I said, “good morning, darling.” And he laughed. Children understand, they understand very well. So I’ll tell them, Andrey dear, not to receive the entertainers.
Andrey	Hesitatingly. But what about my sisters. This is their flat.
Natasha	They’ll do as I want them. They are so kind. … Going. I ordered sour milk for supper. The doctor says you must eat sour milk and nothing else, or you won’t get thin. Stops. Bobby is so cold. I’m afraid his room is too cold for him. It would be nice to put him into another room till the warm weather comes. Irina’s room, for instance, is just right for a child: it’s dry and has the sun all day. I must tell her, she can share Olga’s room. It isn’t as if she was at home in the daytime, she only sleeps here. … A pause. Andrey, darling, why are you so silent?
Andrey	I was just thinking. … There is really nothing to say. …
Natasha	Yes … there was something I wanted to tell you. … Oh, yes. Ferapont has come from the Council offices, he wants to see you.
Andrey	Yawns. Call him here.
	Natasha goes out; Andrey reads his book, stooping over the candle she has left behind. Ferapont enters; he wears a tattered old coat with the collar up. His ears are muffled.
Andrey	Good morning, grandfather. What have you to say?
Ferapont	The Chairman sends a book and some documents or other. Here. … Hands him a book and a packet.
Andrey	Thank you. It’s all right. Why couldn’t you come earlier? It’s past eight now.
Ferapont	What?
Andrey	Louder. I say you’ve come late, it’s past eight.
Ferapont	Yes, yes. I came when it was still light, but they wouldn’t let me in. They said you were busy. Well, what was I to do. If you’re busy, you’re busy, and I’m in no hurry. He thinks that Andrey* is asking him something.* What?
Andrey	Nothing. Looks through the book. Tomorrow’s Friday. I’m not supposed to go to work, but I’ll come—all the same … and do some work. It’s dull at home. Pause. Oh, my dear old man, how strangely life changes, and how it deceives! Today, out of sheer boredom, I took up this book—old university lectures, and I couldn’t help laughing. My God, I’m secretary of the local district council, the council which has Protopopov for its chairman, yes, I’m the secretary, and the summit of my ambitions is—to become a member of the council! I to be a member of the local district council, I, who dream every night that I’m a professor of Moscow University, a famous scholar of whom all Russia is proud!
Ferapont	I can’t tell … I’m hard of hearing. …
Andrey	If you weren’t, I don’t suppose I should talk to you. I’ve got to talk to somebody, and my wife doesn’t understand me, and I’m a bit afraid of my sisters—I don’t know why unless it is that they may make fun of me and make me feel ashamed … I don’t drink, I don’t like public-houses, but how I should like to be sitting just now in Tyestov’s place in Moscow, or at the Great Moscow, old fellow!
Ferapont	Moscow? That’s where a contractor was once telling that some merchants or other were eating pancakes; one ate forty pancakes and he went and died, he was saying. Either forty or fifty, I forget which.
Andrey	In Moscow you can sit in an enormous restaurant where you don’t know anybody and where nobody knows you, and you don’t feel all the same that you’re a stranger. And here you know everybody and everybody knows you, and you’re a stranger … and a lonely stranger.
Ferapont	What? And the same contractor was telling—perhaps he was lying—that there was a cable stretching right across Moscow.
Andrey	What for?
Ferapont	I can’t tell. The contractor said so.
Andrey	Rubbish. He reads. Were you ever in Moscow?
Ferapont	After a pause. No. God did not lead me there. Pause. Shall I go?
Andrey	You may go. Goodbye. Ferapont goes. Goodbye. Reads. You can come tomorrow and fetch these documents. … Go along. … Pause. He’s gone. A ring. Yes, yes. … Stretches himself and slowly goes into his own room.
	Behind the scene the nurse is singing a lullaby to the child. Masha* and Vershinin come in. While they talk, a maidservant lights candles and a lamp.*
Masha	I don’t know. Pause. I don’t know. Of course, habit counts for a great deal. After father’s death, for instance, it took us a long time to get used to the absence of orderlies. But, apart from habit, it seems to me in all fairness that, however it may be in other towns, the best and most-educated people are army men.
Vershinin	I’m thirsty. I should like some tea.
Masha	Glancing at her watch. They’ll bring some soon. I was given in marriage when I was eighteen, and I was afraid of my husband because he was a teacher and I’d only just left school. He then seemed to me frightfully wise and learned and important. And now, unfortunately, that has changed.
Vershinin	Yes … yes.
Masha	I don’t speak of my husband, I’ve grown used to him, but civilians in general are so often coarse, impolite, uneducated. Their rudeness offends me, it angers me. I suffer when I see that a man isn’t quite sufficiently refined, or delicate, or polite. I simply suffer agonies when I happen to be among schoolmasters, my husband’s colleagues.
Vershinin	Yes. … It seems to me that civilians and army men are equally interesting, in this town, at any rate. It’s all the same! If you listen to a member of the local intelligentsia, whether to civilian or military, he will tell you that he’s sick of his wife, sick of his house, sick of his estate, sick of his horses. … We Russians are extremely gifted in the direction of thinking on an exalted plane, but, tell me, why do we aim so low in real life? Why?
Masha	Why?
Vershinin	Why is a Russian sick of his children, sick of his wife? And why are his wife and children sick of him?
Masha	You’re a little downhearted today.
Vershinin	Perhaps I am. I haven’t had any dinner, I’ve had nothing since the morning. My daughter is a little unwell, and when my girls are ill, I get very anxious and my conscience tortures me because they have such a mother. Oh, if you had seen her today! What a trivial personality! We began quarrelling at seven in the morning and at nine I slammed the door and went out. Pause. I never speak of her, it’s strange that I bear my complaints to you alone. Kisses her hand. Don’t be angry with me. I haven’t anybody but you, nobody at all. … Pause.
Masha	What a noise in the oven. Just before father’s death there was a noise in the pipe, just like that.
Vershinin	Are you superstitious?
Masha	Yes.
Vershinin	That’s strange. Kisses her hand. You are a splendid, wonderful woman. Splendid, wonderful! It is dark here, but I see your sparkling eyes.
Masha	Sits on another chair. There is more light here.
Vershinin	I love you, love you, love you … I love your eyes, your movements, I dream of them. … Splendid, wonderful woman!
Masha	Laughing. When you talk to me like that, I laugh; I don’t know why, for I’m afraid. Don’t repeat it, please. … In an undertone. No, go on, it’s all the same to me. … Covers her face with her hands. Somebody’s coming, let’s talk about something else.
	Irina and Tuzenbach come in through the dining-room.
Tuzenbach	My surname is really triple. I am called Baron Tuzenbach-Krone-Altschauer, but I am Russian and Orthodox, the same as you. There is very little German left in me, unless perhaps it is the patience and the obstinacy with which I bore you. I see you home every night.
Irina	How tired I am!
Tuzenbach	And I’ll come to the telegraph office to see you home every day for ten or twenty years, until you drive me away. He sees Masha* and Vershinin; joyfully.* Is that you? How do you do.
Irina	Well, I am home at last. To Masha. A lady came today to telegraph to her brother in Saratov that her son died today, and she couldn’t remember the address anyhow. So she sent the telegram without an address, just to Saratov. She was crying. And for some reason or other I was rude to her. “I’ve no time,” I said. It was so stupid. Are the entertainers coming tonight?
Masha	Yes.
Irina	Sitting down in an armchair. I want a rest. I am tired.
Tuzenbach	Smiling. When you come home from your work you seem so young, and so unfortunate. … Pause.
Irina	I am tired. No, I don’t like the telegraph office, I don’t like it.
Masha	You’ve grown thinner. … Whistles a little. And you look younger, and your face has become like a boy’s.
Tuzenbach	That’s the way she does her hair.
Irina	I must find another job, this one won’t do for me. What I wanted, what I hoped to get, just that is lacking here. Labour without poetry, without ideas. … A knock on the floor. The doctor is knocking. To Tuzenbach. Will you knock, dear. I can’t … I’m tired. … Tuzenbach knocks. He’ll come in a minute. Something ought to be done. Yesterday the doctor and Andrey played cards at the club and lost money. Andrey seems to have lost 200 roubles.
Masha	With indifference. What can we do now?
Irina	He lost money a fortnight ago, he lost money in December. Perhaps if he lost everything we should go away from this town. Oh, my God, I dream of Moscow every night. I’m just like a lunatic. Laughs. We go there in June, and before June there’s still … February, March, April, May … nearly half a year!
Masha	Only Natasha mustn’t get to know of these losses.
Irina	I expect it will be all the same to her.
	Chebutikin, who has only just got out of bed—he was resting after dinner—comes into the dining-room and combs his beard. He then sits by the table and takes a newspaper from his pocket.
Masha	Here he is. … Has he paid his rent?
Irina	Laughs. No. He’s been here eight months and hasn’t paid a copeck. Seems to have forgotten.
Masha	Laughs. What dignity in his pose! They all laugh. A pause.
Irina	Why are you so silent, Alexander Ignateyevitch?
Vershinin	I don’t know. I want some tea. Half my life for a tumbler of tea: I haven’t had anything since morning.
Chebutikin	Irina Sergeyevna!
Irina	What is it?
Chebutikin	Please come here, Venez ici. Irina goes and sits by the table. I can’t do without you. Irina begins to play patience.
Vershinin	Well, if we can’t have any tea, let’s philosophize, at any rate.
Tuzenbach	Yes, let’s. About what?
Vershinin	About what? Let us meditate … about life as it will be after our time; for example, in two or three hundred years.
Tuzenbach	Well? After our time people will fly about in balloons, the cut of one’s coat will change, perhaps they’ll discover a sixth sense and develop it, but life will remain the same, laborious, mysterious, and happy. And in a thousand years’ time, people will still be sighing: “Life is hard!”—and at the same time they’ll be just as afraid of death, and unwilling to meet it, as we are.
Vershinin	Thoughtfully. How can I put it? It seems to me that everything on earth must change, little by little, and is already changing under our very eyes. After two or three hundred years, after a thousand—the actual time doesn’t matter—a new and happy age will begin. We, of course, shall not take part in it, but we live and work and even suffer today that it should come. We create it—and in that one object is our destiny and, if you like, our happiness.
	Masha laughs softly.
Tuzenbach	What is it?
Masha	I don’t know. I’ve been laughing all day, ever since morning.
Vershinin	I finished my education at the same point as you, I have not studied at universities; I read a lot, but I cannot choose my books and perhaps what I read is not at all what I should, but the longer I love, the more I want to know. My hair is turning white, I am nearly an old man now, but I know so little, oh, so little! But I think I know the things that matter most, and that are most real. I know them well. And I wish I could make you understand that there is no happiness for us, that there should not and cannot be. … We must only work and work, and happiness is only for our distant posterity. Pause. If not for me, then for the descendants of my descendants.
	Fedotik and Rode come into the dining-room; they sit and sing softly, strumming on a guitar.
Tuzenbach	According to you, one should not even think about happiness! But suppose I am happy!
Vershinin	No.
Tuzenbach	Moves his hands and laughs. We do not seem to understand each other. How can I convince you? Masha laughs quietly, Tuzenbach continues, pointing at her. Yes, laugh! To Vershinin. Not only after two or three centuries, but in a million years, life will still be as it was; life does not change, it remains forever, following its own laws which do not concern us, or which, at any rate, you will never find out. Migrant birds, cranes for example, fly and fly, and whatever thoughts, high or low, enter their heads, they will still fly and not know why or where. They fly and will continue to fly, whatever philosophers come to life among them; they may philosophize as much as they like, only they will fly. …
Masha	Still, is there a meaning?
Tuzenbach	A meaning. … Now the snow is falling. What meaning? Pause.
Masha	It seems to me that a man must have faith, or must search for a faith, or his life will be empty, empty. … To live and not to know why the cranes fly, why babies are born, why there are stars in the sky. … Either you must know why you live, or everything is trivial, not worth a straw. A pause.
Vershinin	Still, I am sorry that my youth has gone.
Masha	Gogol says: life in this world is a dull matter, my masters!
Tuzenbach	And I say it’s difficult to argue with you, my masters! Hang it all.
Chebutikin	Reading. Balzac was married at Berdichev. Irina is singing softly. That’s worth making a note of. He makes a note. Balzac was married at Berdichev. Goes on reading.
Irina	Laying out cards, thoughtfully. Balzac was married at Berdichev.
Tuzenbach	The die is cast. I’ve handed in my resignation, Maria Sergeyevna.
Masha	So I heard. I don’t see what good it is; I don’t like civilians.
Tuzenbach	Never mind. … Gets up. I’m not handsome; what use am I as a soldier? Well, it makes no difference … I shall work. If only just once in my life I could work so that I could come home in the evening, fall exhausted on my bed, and go to sleep at once. Going into the dining-room. Workmen, I suppose, do sleep soundly!
Fedotik	To Irina. I bought some coloured pencils for you at Pizhikov’s in the Moscow Road, just now. And here is a little knife.
Irina	You have got into the habit of behaving to me as if I am a little girl, but I am grown up. Takes the pencils and the knife, then, with joy. How lovely!
Fedotik	And I bought myself a knife … look at it … one blade, another, a third, an ear-scoop, scissors, nail-cleaners.
Rode	Loudly. Doctor, how old are you?
Chebutikin	I? Thirty-two. Laughter.
Fedotik	I’ll show you another kind of patience. … Lays out cards.
	A samovar is brought in; Anfisa* attends to it; a little later Natasha enters and helps by the table; Soleni arrives and, after greetings, sits by the table.*
Vershinin	What a wind!
Masha	Yes. I’m tired of winter. I’ve already forgotten what summer’s like.
Irina	It’s coming out, I see. We’re going to Moscow.
Fedotik	No, it won’t come out. Look, the eight was on the two of spades. Laughs. That means you won’t go to Moscow.
Chebutikin	Reading paper. Tsitsigar. Smallpox is raging here.
Anfisa	Coming up to Masha. Masha, have some tea, little mother. To Vershinin. Please have some, sir … excuse me, but I’ve forgotten your name. …
Masha	Bring some here, nurse. I shan’t go over there.
Irina	Nurse!
Anfisa	Coming, coming!
Natasha	To Soleni. Children at the breast understand perfectly. I said “Good morning, Bobby; good morning, dear!” And he looked at me in quite an unusual way. You think it’s only the mother in me that is speaking; I assure you that isn’t so! He’s a wonderful child.
Soleni	If he was my child I’d roast him on a frying-pan and eat him. Takes his tumbler into the drawing-room and sits in a corner.
Natasha	Covers her face in her hands. Vulgar, ill-bred man!
Masha	He’s lucky who doesn’t notice whether it’s winter now, or summer. I think that if I were in Moscow, I shouldn’t mind about the weather.
Vershinin	A few days ago I was reading the prison diary of a French minister. He had been sentenced on account of the Panama scandal. With what joy, what delight, he speaks of the birds he saw through the prison windows, which he had never noticed while he was a minister. Now, of course, that he is at liberty, he notices birds no more than he did before. When you go to live in Moscow you’ll not notice it, in just the same way. There can be no happiness for us, it only exists in our wishes.
Tuzenbach	Takes cardboard box from the table. Where are the pastries?
Irina	Soleni has eaten them.
Tuzenbach	All of them?
Anfisa	Serving tea. There’s a letter for you.
Vershinin	For me? Takes the letter. From my daughter. Reads. Yes, of course … I will go quietly. Excuse me, Maria Sergeyevna. I shan’t have any tea. Stands up, excited. That eternal story. …
Masha	What is it? Is it a secret?
Vershinin	Quietly. My wife has poisoned herself again. I must go. I’ll go out quietly. It’s all awfully unpleasant. Kisses Masha’s* hand.* My dear, my splendid, good woman … I’ll go this way, quietly. Exit.
Anfisa	Where has he gone? And I’d served tea. … What a man.
Masha	Angrily. Be quiet! You bother so one can’t have a moment’s peace. … Goes to the table with her cup. I’m tired of you, old woman!
Anfisa	My dear! Why are you offended!
Andrey’s voice	Anfisa!
Anfisa	Mocking. Anfisa! He sits there and … Exit.
Masha	In the dining-room, by the table angrily. Let me sit down! Disturbs the cards on the table. Here you are, spreading your cards out. Have some tea!
Irina	You are cross, Masha.
Masha	If I am cross, then don’t talk to me. Don’t touch me!
Chebutikin	Don’t touch her, don’t touch her. …
Masha	You’re sixty, but you’re like a boy, always up to some beastly nonsense.
Natasha	Sighs. Dear Masha, why use such expressions? With your beautiful exterior you would be simply fascinating in good society, I tell you so directly, if it wasn’t for your words. Je vous prie, pardonnez moi, Marie, mais vous avez des manières un peu grossières.
Tuzenbach	Restraining his laughter. Give me … give me … there’s some cognac, I think.
Natasha	Il parait, que mon Bobick déjà ne dort pas, he has awakened. He isn’t well today. I’ll go to him, excuse me … Exit.
Irina	Where has Alexander Ignateyevitch gone?
Masha	Home. Something extraordinary has happened to his wife again.
Tuzenbach	Goes to Soleni* with a cognac-flask in his hands.* You go on sitting by yourself, thinking of something—goodness knows what. Come and let’s make peace. Let’s have some cognac. They drink. I expect I’ll have to play the piano all night, some rubbish most likely … well, so be it!
Soleni	Why make peace? I haven’t quarrelled with you.
Tuzenbach	You always make me feel as if something has taken place between us. You’ve a strange character, you must admit.
Soleni	Declaims. “I am strange, but who is not? Don’t be angry, Aleko!”
Tuzenbach	And what has Aleko to do with it? Pause.
Soleni	When I’m with one other man I behave just like everybody else, but in company I’m dull and shy and … talk all manner of rubbish. But I’m more honest and more honourable than very, very many people. And I can prove it.
Tuzenbach	I often get angry with you, you always fasten on to me in company, but I like you all the same. I’m going to drink my fill tonight, whatever happens. Drink, now!
Soleni	Let’s drink. They drink. I never had anything against you, Baron. But my character is like Lermontov’s In a low voice. I even rather resemble Lermontov, they say. … Takes a scent-bottle from his pocket, and scents his hands.
Tuzenbach	I’ve sent in my resignation. Basta! I’ve been thinking about it for five years, and at last made up my mind. I shall work.
Soleni	Declaims. “Do not be angry, Aleko … forget, forget, thy dreams of yore. …”
	While he is speaking Andrey* enters quietly with a book, and sits by the table.*
Tuzenbach	I shall work.
Chebutikin	Going with Irina* into the dining-room.* And the food was also real Caucasian onion soup, and, for a roast, some chehartma.
Soleni	Cheremsha3 isn’t meat at all, but a plant something like an onion.
Chebutikin	No, my angel. Chehartma isn’t onion, but roast mutton.
Soleni	And I tell you, chehartma—is a sort of onion.
Chebutikin	And I tell you, chehartma—is mutton.
Soleni	And I tell you, cheremsha—is a sort of onion.
Chebutikin	What’s the use of arguing! You’ve never been in the Caucasus, and never ate any chehartma.
Soleni	I never ate it, because I hate it. It smells like garlic.
Andrey	Imploring. Please, please! I ask you!
Tuzenbach	When are the entertainers coming?
Irina	They promised for about nine; that is, quite soon.
Tuzenbach	Embraces Andrey. “Oh my house, my house, my new-built house.”
Andrey	Dances and sings. “Newly-built of maple-wood.”
Chebutikin	Dances. “Its walls are like a sieve!” Laughter.
Tuzenbach	Kisses Andrey. Hang it all, let’s drink. Andrey, old boy, let’s drink with you. And I’ll go with you, Andrey, to the University of Moscow.
Soleni	Which one? There are two universities in Moscow.
Andrey	There’s one university in Moscow.
Soleni	Two, I tell you.
Andrey	Don’t care if there are three. So much the better.
Soleni	There are two universities in Moscow! There are murmurs and “hushes.” There are two universities in Moscow, the old one and the new one. And if you don’t like to listen, if my words annoy you, then I need not speak. I can even go into another room. … Exit.
Tuzenbach	Bravo, bravo! Laughs. Come on, now. I’m going to play. Funny man, Soleni. … Goes to the piano and plays a waltz.
Masha	Dancing solo. The Baron’s drunk, the Baron’s drunk, the Baron’s drunk!
	Natasha comes in.
Natasha	To Chebutikin. Ivan Romanovitch!
	Says something to Chebutikin, then goes out quietly; Chebutikin* touches Tuzenbach on the shoulder and whispers something to him.*
Irina	What is it?
Chebutikin	Time for us to go. Goodbye.
Tuzenbach	Good night. It’s time we went.
Irina	But, really, the entertainers?
Andrey	In confusion. There won’t be any entertainers. You see, dear, Natasha says that Bobby isn’t quite well, and so. … In a word, I don’t care, and it’s absolutely all one to me.
Irina	Shrugging her shoulders. Bobby ill!
Masha	What is she thinking of! Well, if they are sent home, I suppose they must go. To Irina. Bobby’s all right, it’s she herself. … Here! Taps her forehead. Little bourgeoise!
	Andrey goes to his room through the right-hand door, Chebutikin follows him. In the dining-room they are saying goodbye.
Fedotik	What a shame! I was expecting to spend the evening here, but of course, if the little baby is ill … I’ll bring him some toys tomorrow.
Rode	Loudly. I slept late after dinner today because I thought I was going to dance all night. It’s only nine o’clock now!
Masha	Let’s go into the street, we can talk there. Then we can settle things.
	Goodbyes and good nights are heard. Tuzenbach’s merry laughter is heard. (All go out.) Anfisa and the maid clear the table, and put out the lights. (The nurse sings.) Andrey, wearing an overcoat and a hat, and Chebutikin enter silently.
Chebutikin	I never managed to get married because my life flashed by like lightning, and because I was madly in love with your mother, who was married.
Andrey	One shouldn’t marry. One shouldn’t, because it’s dull.
Chebutikin	So there I am, in my loneliness. Say what you will, loneliness is a terrible thing, old fellow. … Though really … of course, it absolutely doesn’t matter!
Andrey	Let’s be quicker.
Chebutikin	What are you in such a hurry for? We shall be in time.
Andrey	I’m afraid my wife may stop me.
Chebutikin	Ah!
Andrey	I shan’t play tonight, I shall only sit and look on. I don’t feel very well. … What am I to do for my asthma, Ivan Romanovitch?
Chebutikin	Don’t ask me! I don’t remember, old fellow, I don’t know.
Andrey	Let’s go through the kitchen. They go out.
	A bell rings, then a second time; voices and laughter are heard.
Irina	Enters. What’s that?
Anfisa	Whispers. The entertainers! Bell.
Irina	Tell them there’s nobody at home, nurse. They must excuse us.
	Anfisa goes out. Irina walks about the room deep in thought; she is excited. Soleni enters.
Soleni	In surprise. There’s nobody here. … Where are they all?
Irina	They’ve gone home.
Soleni	How strange. Are you here alone?
Irina	Yes, alone. A pause. Goodbye.
Soleni	Just now I behaved tactlessly, with insufficient reserve. But you are not like all the others, you are noble and pure, you can see the truth. … You alone can understand me. I love you, deeply, beyond measure, I love you.
Irina	Goodbye! Go away.
Soleni	I cannot live without you. Follows her. Oh, my happiness! Through his tears. Oh, joy! Wonderful, marvellous, glorious eyes, such as I have never seen before. …
Irina	Coldly. Stop it, Vassili Vassilevitch!
Soleni	This is the first time I speak to you of love, and it is as if I am no longer on the earth, but on another planet. Wipes his forehead. Well, never mind. I can’t make you love me by force, of course … but I don’t intend to have any more-favoured rivals. … No … I swear to you by all the saints, I shall kill my rival. … Oh, beautiful one!
	Natasha enters with a candle; she looks in through one door, then through another, and goes past the door leading to her husband’s room.
Natasha	Here’s Andrey. Let him go on reading. Excuse me, Vassili Vassilevitch, I did not know you were here; I am engaged in domesticities.
Soleni	It’s all the same to me. Goodbye! Exit.
Natasha	You’re so tired, my poor dear girl! Kisses Irina. If you only went to bed earlier.
Irina	Is Bobby asleep?
Natasha	Yes, but restlessly. By the way, dear, I wanted to tell you, but either you weren’t at home, or I was busy … I think Bobby’s present nursery is cold and damp. And your room would be so nice for the child. My dear, darling girl, do change over to Olga’s for a bit!
Irina	Not understanding. Where?
	The bells of a troika are heard as it drives up to the house.
Natasha	You and Olga can share a room, for the time being, and Bobby can have yours. He’s such a darling; today I said to him, “Bobby, you’re mine! Mine!” And he looked at me with his dear little eyes. A bell rings. It must be Olga. How late she is! The maid enters and whispers to Natasha. Protopopov? What a queer man to do such a thing. Protopopov’s come and wants me to go for a drive with him in his troika. Laughs. How funny these men are. … A bell rings. Somebody has come. Suppose I did go and have half an hour’s drive. … To the maid. Say I shan’t be long. Bell rings. Somebody’s ringing, it must be Olga. Exit.
	The maid runs out; Irina* sits deep in thought; Kuligin and Olga enter, followed by Vershinin.*
Kuligin	Well, there you are. And you said there was going to be a party.
Vershinin	It’s queer; I went away not long ago, half an hour ago, and they were expecting entertainers.
Irina	They’ve all gone.
Kuligin	Has Masha gone too? Where has she gone? And what’s Protopopov waiting for downstairs in his troika? Whom is he expecting?
Irina	Don’t ask questions … I’m tired.
Kuligin	Oh, you’re all whimsies. …
Olga	My committee meeting is only just over. I’m tired out. Our chairwoman is ill, so I had to take her place. My head, my head is aching. … Sits. Andrey lost 200 roubles at cards yesterday … the whole town is talking about it. …
Kuligin	Yes, my meeting tired me too. Sits.
Vershinin	My wife took it into her head to frighten me just now by nearly poisoning herself. It’s all right now, and I’m glad; I can rest now. … But perhaps we ought to go away? Well, my best wishes, Feodor Ilitch, let’s go somewhere together! I can’t, I absolutely can’t stop at home. … Come on!
Kuligin	I’m tired. I won’t go. Gets up. I’m tired. Has my wife gone home?
Irina	I suppose so.
Kuligin	Kisses Irina’s* hand.* Goodbye, I’m going to rest all day tomorrow and the day after. Best wishes! Going. I should like some tea. I was looking forward to spending the whole evening in pleasant company and—o, fallacem hominum spem! … Accusative case after an interjection. …
Vershinin	Then I’ll go somewhere by myself. Exit with Kuligin, whistling.
Olga	I’ve such a headache … Andrey has been losing money. … The whole town is talking. … I’ll go and lie down. Going. I’m free tomorrow. … Oh, my God, what a mercy! I’m free tomorrow, I’m free the day after. … Oh my head, my head. … Exit.
Irina	Alone. They’ve all gone. Nobody’s left.
	A concertina is being played in the street. The nurse sings.
Natasha	In fur coat and cap, steps across the dining-room, followed by the maid. I’ll be back in half an hour. I’m only going for a little drive. Exit.
Irina	Alone in her misery. To Moscow! Moscow! Moscow!

Act III

The room shared by Olga and Irina. Beds, screened off, on the right and left. It is past 2 a.m. Behind the stage a fire-alarm is ringing; it has apparently been going for some time. Nobody in the house has gone to bed yet.

	Masha is lying on a sofa dressed, as usual, in black. Enter Olga and Anfisa.
Anfisa	Now they are downstairs, sitting under the stairs. I said to them, “Won’t you come up,” I said, “you can’t go on like this,” and they simply cried, “We don’t know where father is.” They said, “He may be burnt up by now.” What an idea! And in the yard there are some people … also undressed.
Olga	Takes a dress out of the cupboard. Take this grey dress. … And this … and the blouse as well. … Take the skirt, too, nurse. … My God! How awful it is! The whole of the Kirsanovsky Road seems to have burned down. Take this … and this. … Throws clothes into her hands. The poor Vershinins are so frightened. … Their house was nearly burnt. They ought to come here for the night. … They shouldn’t be allowed to go home. … Poor Fedotik is completely burnt out, there’s nothing left. …
Anfisa	Couldn’t you call Ferapont, Olga dear. I can hardly manage. …
Olga	Rings. They’ll never answer. … At the door. Come here, whoever there is! Through the open door can be seen a window, red with flame: afire-engine is heard passing the house. How awful this is. And how I’m sick of it! Ferapont enters. Take these things down. … The Kolotilin girls are down below … and let them have them. This, too.
Ferapont	Yes’m. In the year twelve Moscow was burning too. Oh, my God! The Frenchmen were surprised.
Olga	Go on, go on. …
Ferapont	Yes’m. Exit.
Olga	Nurse, dear, let them have everything. We don’t want anything. Give it all to them, nurse. … I’m tired, I can hardly keep on my legs. … The Vershinins mustn’t be allowed to go home. … The girls can sleep in the drawing-room, and Alexander Ignateyevitch can go downstairs to the Baron’s flat … Fedotik can go there, too, or else into our dining-room. … The doctor is drunk, beastly drunk, as if on purpose, so nobody can go to him. Vershinin’s wife, too, may go into the drawing-room.
Anfisa	Tired. Olga, dear girl, don’t dismiss me! Don’t dismiss me!
Olga	You’re talking nonsense, nurse. Nobody is dismissing you.
Anfisa	Puts Olga’s* head against her bosom.* My dear, precious girl, I’m working, I’m toiling away … I’m growing weak, and they’ll all say go away! And where shall I go? Where? I’m eighty. Eighty-one years old. …
Olga	You sit down, nurse dear. … You’re tired, poor dear. … Makes her sit down. Rest, dear. You’re so pale!
	Natasha comes in.
Natasha	They are saying that a committee to assist the sufferers from the fire must be formed at once. What do you think of that? It’s a beautiful idea. Of course the poor ought to be helped, it’s the duty of the rich. Bobby and little Sophy are sleeping, sleeping as if nothing at all was the matter. There’s such a lot of people here, the place is full of them, wherever you go. There’s influenza in the town now. I’m afraid the children may catch it.
Olga	Not attending. In this room we can’t see the fire, it’s quiet here.
Natasha	Yes … I suppose I’m all untidy. Before the looking-glass. They say I’m growing stout … it isn’t true! Certainly it isn’t! Masha’s asleep; the poor thing is tired out. … Coldly, to Anfisa. Don’t dare to be seated in my presence! Get up! Out of this! Exit Anfisa; a pause. I don’t understand what makes you keep on that old woman!
Olga	Confusedly. Excuse me, I don’t understand either …
Natasha	She’s no good here. She comes from the country, she ought to live there. … Spoiling her, I call it! I like order in the house! We don’t want any unnecessary people here. Strokes her cheek. You’re tired, poor thing! Our head mistress is tired! And when my little Sophie grows up and goes to school I shall be so afraid of you.
Olga	I shan’t be head mistress.
Natasha	They’ll appoint you, Olga. It’s settled.
Olga	I’ll refuse the post. I can’t … I’m not strong enough. … Drinks water. You were so rude to nurse just now … I’m sorry. I can’t stand it … everything seems dark in front of me. …
Natasha	Excited. Forgive me, Olga, forgive me … I didn’t want to annoy you.
	Masha gets up, takes a pillow and goes out angrily.
Olga	Remember, dear … we have been brought up, in an unusual way, perhaps, but I can’t bear this. Such behaviour has a bad effect on me, I get ill … I simply lose heart!
Natasha	Forgive me, forgive me. … Kisses her.
Olga	Even the least bit of rudeness, the slightest impoliteness, upsets me.
Natasha	I often say too much, it’s true, but you must agree, dear, that she could just as well live in the country.
Olga	She has been with us for thirty years.
Natasha	But she can’t do any work now. Either I don’t understand, or you don’t want to understand me. She’s no good for work, she can only sleep or sit about.
Olga	And let her sit about.
Natasha	Surprised. What do you mean? She’s only a servant. Crying. I don’t understand you, Olga. I’ve got a nurse, a wet-nurse, we’ve a cook, a housemaid … what do we want that old woman for as well? What good is she? Fire-alarm behind the stage.
Olga	I’ve grown ten years older tonight.
Natasha	We must come to an agreement, Olga. Your place is the school, mine—the home. You devote yourself to teaching, I, to the household. And if I talk about servants, then I do know what I am talking about; I do know what I am talking about … And tomorrow there’s to be no more of that old thief, that old hag … Stamping. that witch! And don’t you dare to annoy me! Don’t you dare! Stopping short. Really, if you don’t move downstairs, we shall always be quarrelling. This is awful.
	Enter Kuligin.
Kuligin	Where’s Masha? It’s time we went home. The fire seems to be going down. Stretches himself. Only one block has burnt down, but there was such a wind that it seemed at first the whole town was going to burn. Sits. I’m tired out. My dear Olga … I often think that if it hadn’t been for Masha, I should have married you. You are awfully nice. … I am absolutely tired out. Listens.
Olga	What is it?
Kuligin	The doctor, of course, has been drinking hard; he’s terribly drunk. He might have done it on purpose! Gets up. He seems to be coming here. … Do you hear him? Yes, here. … Laughs. What a man … really … I’ll hide myself. Goes to the cupboard and stands in the corner. What a rogue.
Olga	He hadn’t touched a drop for two years, and now he suddenly goes and gets drunk. …
	Retires with Natasha* to the back of the room. Chebutikin enters; apparently sober, he stops, looks round, then goes to the washstand and begins to wash his hands.*
Chebutikin	Angrily. Devil take them all … take them all. … They think I’m a doctor and can cure everything, and I know absolutely nothing, I’ve forgotten all I ever knew, I remember nothing, absolutely nothing. Olga and Natasha go out, unnoticed by him. Devil take it. Last Wednesday I attended a woman in Zasip—and she died, and it’s my fault that she died. Yes … I used to know a certain amount five-and-twenty years ago, but I don’t remember anything now. Nothing. Perhaps I’m not really a man, and am only pretending that I’ve got arms and legs and a head; perhaps I don’t exist at all, and only imagine that I walk, and eat, and sleep. Cries. Oh, if only I didn’t exist! Stops crying; angrily. The devil only knows. … Day before yesterday they were talking in the club; they said, Shakespeare, Voltaire … I’d never read, never read at all, and I put on an expression as if I had read. And so did the others. Oh, how beastly! How petty! And then I remembered the woman I killed on Wednesday … and I couldn’t get her out of my mind, and everything in my mind became crooked, nasty, wretched. … So I went and drank. …
	Irina, Vershinin and Tuzenbach enter; Tuzenbach is wearing new and fashionable civilian clothes.
Irina	Let’s sit down here. Nobody will come in here.
Vershinin	The whole town would have been destroyed if it hadn’t been for the soldiers. Good men! Rubs his hands appreciatively. Splendid people! Oh, what a fine lot!
Kuligin	Coming up to him. What’s the time?
Tuzenbach	It’s past three now. It’s dawning.
Irina	They are all sitting in the dining-room, nobody is going. And that Soleni of yours is sitting there. To Chebutikin. Hadn’t you better be going to sleep, doctor?
Chebutikin	It’s all right … thank you. … Combs his beard.
Kuligin	Laughs. Speaking’s a bit difficult, eh, Ivan Romanovitch! Pats him on the shoulder. Good man! In vino veritas, the ancients used to say.
Tuzenbach	They keep on asking me to get up a concert in aid of the sufferers.
Irina	As if one could do anything. …
Tuzenbach	It might be arranged, if necessary. In my opinion Maria Sergeyevna is an excellent pianist.
Kuligin	Yes, excellent!
Irina	She’s forgotten everything. She hasn’t played for three years … or four.
Tuzenbach	In this town absolutely nobody understands music, not a soul except myself, but I do understand it, and assure you on my word of honour that Maria Sergeyevna plays excellently, almost with genius.
Kuligin	You are right, Baron, I’m awfully fond of Masha. She’s very fine.
Tuzenbach	To be able to play so admirably and to realize at the same time that nobody, nobody can understand you!
Kuligin	Sighs. Yes. … But will it be quite all right for her to take part in a concert? Pause. You see, I don’t know anything about it. Perhaps it will even be all to the good. Although I must admit that our Director is a good man, a very good man even, a very clever man, still he has such views. … Of course it isn’t his business but still, if you wish it, perhaps I’d better talk to him.
	Chebutikin takes a porcelain clock into his hands and examines it.
Vershinin	I got so dirty while the fire was on, I don’t look like anybody on earth. Pause. Yesterday I happened to hear, casually, that they want to transfer our brigade to some distant place. Some said to Poland, others, to Chita.
Tuzenbach	I heard so, too. Well, if it is so, the town will be quite empty.
Irina	And we’ll go away, too!
Chebutikin	Drops the clock which breaks to pieces. To smithereens!
	A pause; everybody is pained and confused.
Kuligin	Gathering up the pieces. To smash such a valuable object—oh, Ivan Romanovitch, Ivan Romanovitch! A very bad mark for your misbehaviour!
Irina	That clock used to belong to our mother.
Chebutikin	Perhaps. … To your mother, your mother. Perhaps I didn’t break it; it only looks as if I broke it. Perhaps we only think that we exist, when really we don’t. I don’t know anything, nobody knows anything. At the door. What are you looking at? Natasha has a little romance with Protopopov, and you don’t see it. … There you sit and see nothing, and Natasha has a little romance with Protopovov. … Sings. Won’t you please accept this date. … Exit.
Vershinin	Yes. Laughs. How strange everything really is! Pause. When the fire broke out, I hurried off home; when I get there I see the house is whole, uninjured, and in no danger, but my two girls are standing by the door in just their underclothes, their mother isn’t there, the crowd is excited, horses and dogs are running about, and the girls’ faces are so agitated, terrified, beseeching, and I don’t know what else. My heart was pained when I saw those faces. My God, I thought, what these girls will have to put up with if they live long! I caught them up and ran, and still kept on thinking the one thing: what they will have to live through in this world! Fire-alarm; a pause. I come here and find their mother shouting and angry. Masha enters with a pillow and sits on the sofa. And when my girls were standing by the door in just their underclothes, and the street was red from the fire, there was a dreadful noise, and I thought that something of the sort used to happen many years ago when an enemy made a sudden attack, and looted, and burned. … And at the same time what a difference there really is between the present and the past! And when a little more time has gone by, in two or three hundred years perhaps, people will look at our present life with just the same fear, and the same contempt, and the whole past will seem clumsy and dull, and very uncomfortable, and strange. Oh, indeed, what a life there will be, what a life! Laughs. Forgive me, I’ve dropped into philosophy again. Please let me continue. I do awfully want to philosophize, it’s just how I feel at present. Pause. As if they are all asleep. As I was saying: what a life there will be! Only just imagine. … There are only three persons like yourselves in the town just now, but in future generations there will be more and more, and still more, and the time will come when everything will change and become as you would have it, people will live as you do, and then you too will go out of date; people will be born who are better than you. … Laughs. Yes, today I am quite exceptionally in the vein. I am devilishly keen on living. … Sings. “The power of love all ages know, From its assaults great good does grow.” Laughs.
Masha	Trum-tum-tum …
Vershinin	Tum-tum …
Masha	Tra-ra-ra?
Vershinin	Tra-ta-ta. Laughs.
	Enter Fedotik.
Fedotik	Dancing. I’m burnt out, I’m burnt out! Down to the ground! Laughter.
Irina	I don’t see anything funny about it. Is everything burnt?
Fedotik	Laughs. Absolutely. Nothing left at all. The guitar’s burnt, and the photographs are burnt, and all my correspondence. … And I was going to make you a present of a notebook, and that’s burnt too.
	Soleni comes in.
Irina	No, you can’t come here, Vassili Vassilevitch. Please go away.
Soleni	Why can the Baron come here and I can’t?
Vershinin	We really must go. How’s the fire?
Soleni	They say it’s going down. No, I absolutely don’t see why the Baron can, and I can’t? Scents his hands.
Vershinin	Trum-tum-tum.
Masha	Trum-tum.
Vershinin	Laughs to Soleni. Let’s go into the dining-room.
Soleni	Very well, we’ll make a note of it. “If I should try to make this clear, the geese would be annoyed, I fear.” Looks at Tuzenbach. There, there, there. … Goes out with Vershinin* and Fedotik.*
Irina	How Soleni smelt of tobacco. … In surprise. The Baron’s asleep! Baron! Baron!
Tuzenbach	Waking. I am tired, I must say. … The brickworks. … No, I’m not wandering, I mean it; I’m going to start work soon at the brickworks … I’ve already talked it over. Tenderly, to Irina. You’re so pale, and beautiful, and charming. … Your paleness seems to shine through the dark air as if it was a light. … You are sad, displeased with life. … Oh, come with me, let’s go and work together!
Masha	Nicolai Lvovitch, go away from here.
Tuzenbach	Laughs. Are you here? I didn’t see you. Kisses Irina’s* hand.* goodbye, I’ll go … I look at you now and I remember, as if it was long ago, your name day, when you, cheerfully and merrily, were talking about the joys of labour. … And how happy life seemed to me, then! What has happened to it now? Kisses her hand. There are tears in your eyes. Go to bed now; it is already day … the morning begins. … If only I was allowed to give my life for you!
Masha	Nicolai Lvovitch, go away! What business …
Tuzenbach	I’m off. Exit.
Masha	Lies down. Are you asleep, Feodor?
Kuligin	Eh?
Masha	Shouldn’t you go home.
Kuligin	My dear Masha, my darling Masha. …
Irina	She’s tired out. You might let her rest, Fedia.
Kuligin	I’ll go at once. My wife’s a good, splendid … I love you, my only one. …
Masha	Angrily. Amo, amas, amat, amamus, amatis, amant.
Kuligin	Laughs. No, she really is wonderful. I’ve been your husband seven years, and it seems as if I was only married yesterday. On my word. No, you really are a wonderful woman. I’m satisfied, I’m satisfied, I’m satisfied!
Masha	I’m bored, I’m bored, I’m bored. … Sits up. But I can’t get it out of my head. … It’s simply disgraceful. It has been gnawing away at me … I can’t keep silent. I mean about Andrey. … He has mortgaged this house with the bank, and his wife has got all the money; but the house doesn’t belong to him alone, but to the four of us! He ought to know that, if he’s an honourable man.
Kuligin	What’s the use, Masha? Andrey is in debt all round; well, let him do as he pleases.
Masha	It’s disgraceful, anyway. Lies down.
Kuligin	You and I are not poor. I work, take my classes, give private lessons … I am a plain, honest man … Omnia mea mecum porto, as they say.
Masha	I don’t want anything, but the unfairness of it disgusts me. Pause. You go, Feodor.
Kuligin	Kisses her. You’re tired, just rest for half an hour, and I’ll sit and wait for you. Sleep. … Going. I’m satisfied, I’m satisfied, I’m satisfied. Exit.
Irina	Yes, really, our Andrey has grown smaller; how he’s snuffed out and aged with that woman! He used to want to be a professor, and yesterday he was boasting that at last he had been made a member of the district council. He is a member, and Protopopov is chairman. … The whole town talks and laughs about it, and he alone knows and sees nothing. … And now everybody’s gone to look at the fire, but he sits alone in his room and pays no attention, only just plays on his fiddle. Nervily. Oh, it’s awful, awful, awful. Weeps. I can’t, I can’t bear it any longer! … I can’t, I can’t! … Olga comes in and clears up at her little table. Irina is sobbing loudly. Throw me out, throw me out, I can’t bear any more!
Olga	Alarmed. What is it, what is it? Dear!
Irina	Sobbing. Where? Where has everything gone? Where is it all? Oh my God, my God! I’ve forgotten everything, everything … I don’t remember what is the Italian for window or, well, for ceiling … I forget everything, every day I forget it, and life passes and will never return, and we’ll never go away to Moscow … I see that we’ll never go. …
Olga	Dear, dear. …
Irina	Controlling herself. Oh, I am unhappy … I can’t work, I shan’t work. Enough, enough! I used to be a telegraphist, now I work at the town council offices, and I have nothing but hate and contempt for all they give me to do … I am already twenty-three, I have already been at work for a long while, and my brain has dried up, and I’ve grown thinner, plainer, older, and there is no relief of any sort, and time goes and it seems all the while as if I am going away from the real, the beautiful life, farther and farther away, down some precipice. I’m in despair and I can’t understand how it is that I am still alive, that I haven’t killed myself.
Olga	Don’t cry, dear girl, don’t cry … I suffer, too.
Irina	I’m not crying, not crying. … Enough. … Look, I’m not crying any more. Enough … enough!
Olga	Dear, I tell you as a sister and a friend if you want my advice, marry the Baron. Irina cries softly. You respect him, you think highly of him. … It is true that he is not handsome, but he is so honourable and clean … people don’t marry from love, but in order to do one’s duty. I think so, at any rate, and I’d marry without being in love. Whoever he was, I should marry him, so long as he was a decent man. Even if he was old. …
Irina	I was always waiting until we should be settled in Moscow, there I should meet my true love; I used to think about him, and love him. … But it’s all turned out to be nonsense, all nonsense. …
Olga	Embraces her sister. My dear, beautiful sister, I understand everything; when Baron Nicolai Lvovitch left the army and came to us in evening dress,4 he seemed so bad-looking to me that I even started crying. … He asked, “What are you crying for?” How could I tell him! But if God brought him to marry you, I should be happy. That would be different, quite different.
	Natasha with a candle walks across the stage from right to left without saying anything.
Masha	Sitting up. She walks as if she’s set something on fire.
Olga	Masha, you’re silly, you’re the silliest of the family. Please forgive me for saying so. Pause.
Masha	I want to make a confession, dear sisters. My soul is in pain. I will confess to you, and never again to anybody … I’ll tell you this minute. Softly. It’s my secret but you must know everything … I can’t be silent. … Pause. I love, I love … I love that man. … You saw him only just now. … Why don’t I say it … in one word. I love Vershinin.
Olga	Goes behind her screen. Stop that, I don’t hear you in any case.
Masha	What am I to do? Takes her head in her hands. First he seemed queer to me, then I was sorry for him … then I fell in love with him … fell in love with his voice, his words, his misfortunes, his two daughters.
Olga	Behind the screen. I’m not listening. You may talk any nonsense you like, it will be all the same, I shan’t hear.
Masha	Oh, Olga, you are foolish. I am in love—that means that is to be my fate. It means that is to be my lot. … And he loves me. … It is all awful. Yes; it isn’t good, is it? Takes Irina’s* hand and draws her to her.* Oh, my dear. … How are we going to live through our lives, what is to become of us. … When you read a novel it all seems so old and easy, but when you fall in love yourself, then you learn that nobody knows anything, and each must decide for himself. … My dear ones, my sisters … I’ve confessed, now I shall keep silence. … Like the lunatics in Gogol’s story, I’m going to be silent … silent …
	Andrey enters, followed by Ferapont.
Andrey	Angrily. What do you want? I don’t understand.
Ferapont	At the door, impatiently. I’ve already told you ten times, Andrey Sergeyevitch.
Andrey	In the first place I’m not Andrey Sergeyevitch, but sir.5
Ferapont	The firemen, sir, ask if they can go across your garden to the river. Else they go right round, right round; it’s a nuisance.
Andrey	All right. Tell them it’s all right. Exit Ferapont. I’m tired of them. Where is Olga? Olga comes out from behind the screen. I came to you for the key of the cupboard. I lost my own. You’ve got a little key. Olga gives him the key; Irina goes behind her screen; pause. What a huge fire! It’s going down now. Hang it all, that Ferapont made me so angry that I talked nonsense to him. … Sir, indeed. … A pause. Why are you so silent, Olga? Pause. It’s time you stopped all that nonsense and behaved as if you were properly alive. … You are here, Masha. Irina is here, well, since we’re all here, let’s come to a complete understanding, once and for all. What have you against me? What is it?
Olga	Please don’t, Audrey dear. We’ll talk tomorrow. Excited. What an awful night!
Andrey	Much confused. Don’t excite yourself. I ask you in perfect calmness; what have you against me? Tell me straight.
Vershinin’s voice	Trum-tum-tum!
Masha	Stands; loudly. Tra-ta-ta! To Olga. Goodbye, Olga, God bless you. Goes behind screen and kisses Irina. Sleep well. … Goodbye, Andrey. Go away now, they’re tired … you can explain tomorrow. … Exit.
Andrey	I’ll only say this and go. Just now. … In the first place, you’ve got something against Natasha, my wife; I’ve noticed it since the very day of my marriage. Natasha is a beautiful and honest creature, straight and honourable—that’s my opinion. I love and respect my wife; understand it, I respect her, and I insist that others should respect her too. I repeat, she’s an honest and honourable person, and all your disapproval is simply silly … Pause. In the second place, you seem to be annoyed because I am not a professor, and am not engaged in study. But I work for the zemstvo, I am a member of the district council, and I consider my service as worthy and as high as the service of science. I am a member of the district council, and I am proud of it, if you want to know. Pause. In the third place, I have still this to say … that I have mortgaged the house without obtaining your permission. … For that I am to blame, and ask to be forgiven. My debts led me into doing it … thirty-five thousand … I do not play at cards any more, I stopped long ago, but the chief thing I have to say in my defence is that you girls receive a pension, and I don’t … my wages, so to speak. … Pause.
Kuligin	At the door. Is Masha there? Excitedly. Where is she? It’s queer. … Exit.
Andrey	They don’t hear. Natasha is a splendid, honest person. Walks about in silence, then stops. When I married I thought we should be happy … all of us. … But, my God. … Weeps. My dear, dear sisters, don’t believe me, don’t believe me. … Exit.
	Fire-alarm. The stage is clear.
Irina	Behind her screen. Olga, who’s knocking on the floor?
Olga	It’s doctor Ivan Romanovitch. He’s drunk.
Irina	What a restless night! Pause. Olga! Looks out. Did you hear? They are taking the brigade away from us; it’s going to be transferred to some place far away.
Olga	It’s only a rumour.
Irina	Then we shall be left alone. … Olga!
Olga	Well?
Irina	My dear, darling sister, I esteem, I highly value the Baron, he’s a splendid man; I’ll marry him, I’ll consent, only let’s go to Moscow! I implore you, let’s go! There’s nothing better than Moscow on earth! Let’s go, Olga, let’s go!

Act IV

The old garden at the house of the Prosorovs. There is a long avenue of firs, at the end of which the river can be seen. There is a forest on the far side of the river. On the right is the terrace of the house: bottles and tumblers are on a table here; it is evident that champagne has just been drunk. It is midday. Every now and again passersby walk across the garden, from the road to the river; five soldiers go past rapidly.

	Chebutikin, in a comfortable frame of mind which does not desert him throughout the act, sits in an armchair in the garden, waiting to be called. He wears a peaked cap and has a stick. Irina, Kuligin with a cross hanging from his neck and without his moustaches, and Tuzenbach are standing on the terrace seeing off Fedotik and Rode, who are coming down into the garden; both officers are in service uniform.
Tuzenbach	Exchanges kisses with Fedotik. You’re a good sort, we got on so well together. Exchanges kisses with Rode. Once again. … Goodbye, old man!
Irina	Au revoir!
Fedotik	It isn’t au revoir, it’s goodbye; we’ll never meet again!
Kuligin	Who knows! Wipes his eyes; smiles. Here I’ve started crying!
Irina	We’ll meet again sometime.
Fedotik	After ten years—or fifteen? We’ll hardly know one another then; we’ll say, “How do you do?” coldly. … Takes a snapshot. Keep still. … Once more, for the last time.
Rode	Embracing Tuzenbach. We shan’t meet again. … Kisses Irina’s* hand.* Thank you for everything, for everything!
Fedotik	Grieved. Don’t be in such a hurry!
Tuzenbach	We shall meet again, if God wills it. Write to us. Be sure to write.
Rode	Looking round the garden. Goodbye, trees! Shouts. Yo-ho! Pause. Goodbye, echo!
Kuligin	Best wishes. Go and get yourselves wives there in Poland. … Your Polish wife will clasp you and call you “kochanku!”6 Laughs.
Fedotik	Looking at the time. There’s less than an hour left. Soleni is the only one of our battery who is going on the barge; the rest of us are going with the main body. Three batteries are leaving today, another three tomorrow and then the town will be quiet and peaceful.
Tuzenbach	And terribly dull.
Rode	And where is Maria Sergeyevna?
Kuligin	Masha is in the garden.
Fedotik	We’d like to say goodbye to her.
Rode	Goodbye, I must go, or else I’ll start weeping. … Quickly embraces Kuligin* and Tuzenbach, and kisses Irina’s hand.* We’ve been so happy here. …
Fedotik	To Kuligin. Here’s a keepsake for you … a notebook with a pencil. … We’ll go to the river from here. … They go aside and both look round.
Rode	Shouts. Yo-ho!
Kuligin	Shouts. Goodbye!
	At the back of the stage Fedotik* and Rode meet Masha; they say goodbye and go out with her.*
Irina	They’ve gone. … Sits on the bottom step of the terrace.
Chebutikin	And they forgot to say goodbye to me.
Irina	But why is that?
Chebutikin	I just forgot, somehow. Though I’ll soon see them again, I’m going tomorrow. Yes … just one day left. I shall be retired in a year, then I’ll come here again, and finish my life near you. I’ve only one year before I get my pension. … Puts one newspaper into his pocket and takes another out. I’ll come here to you and change my life radically … I’ll be so quiet … so agree … agreeable, respectable. …
Irina	Yes, you ought to change your life, dear man, somehow or other.
Chebutikin	Yes, I feel it. Sings softly. “Tarara-boom-deay. …”
Kuligin	We won’t reform Ivan Romanovitch! We won’t reform him!
Chebutikin	If only I was apprenticed to you! Then I’d reform.
Irina	Feodor has shaved his moustache! I can’t bear to look at him.
Kuligin	Well, what about it?
Chebutikin	I could tell you what your face looks like now, but it wouldn’t be polite.
Kuligin	Well! It’s the custom, it’s modus vivendi. Our Director is clean-shaven, and so I too, when I received my inspectorship, had my moustaches removed. Nobody likes it, but it’s all one to me. I’m satisfied. Whether I’ve got moustaches or not, I’m satisfied. … Sits.
	At the back of the stage Andrey* is wheeling a perambulator containing a sleeping infant.*
Irina	Ivan Romanovitch, be a darling. I’m awfully worried. You were out on the boulevard last night; tell me, what happened?
Chebutikin	What happened? Nothing. Quite a trifling matter. Reads paper. Of no importance!
Kuligin	They say that Soleni and the Baron met yesterday on the boulevard near the theatre. …
Tuzenbach	Stop! What right … Waves his hand and goes into the house.
Kuligin	Near the theatre … Soleni started behaving offensively to the Baron, who lost his temper and said something nasty. …
Chebutikin	I don’t know. It’s all bunkum.
Kuligin	At some seminary or other a master wrote “bunkum” on an essay, and the student couldn’t make the letters out—thought it was a Latin word “luckum.” Laughs. Awfully funny, that. They say that Soleni is in love with Irina and hates the Baron. … That’s quite natural. Irina is a very nice girl. She’s even like Masha, she’s so thoughtful. … Only, Irina your character is gentler. Though Masha’s character, too, is a very good one. I’m very fond of Masha. Shouts of “Yo-ho!” are heard behind the stage.
Irina	Shudders. Everything seems to frighten me today. Pause. I’ve got everything ready, and I send my things off after dinner. The Baron and I will be married tomorrow, and tomorrow we go away to the brickworks, and the next day I go to the school, and the new life begins. God will help me! When I took my examination for the teacher’s post, I actually wept for joy and gratitude. … Pause. The cart will be here in a minute for my things. …
Kuligin	Somehow or other, all this doesn’t seem at all serious. As if it was all ideas, and nothing really serious. Still, with all my soul I wish you happiness.
Chebutikin	With deep feeling. My splendid … my dear, precious girl. … You’ve gone on far ahead, I won’t catch up with you. I’m left behind like a migrant bird grown old, and unable to fly. Fly, my dear, fly, and God be with you! Pause. It’s a pity you shaved your moustaches, Feodor Ilitch.
Kuligin	Oh, drop it! Sighs. Today the soldiers will be gone, and everything will go on as in the old days. Say what you will, Masha is a good, honest woman. I love her very much, and thank my fate for her. People have such different fates. There’s a Kosirev who works in the excise department here. He was at school with me; he was expelled from the fifth class of the high school for being entirely unable to understand ut consecutivum. He’s awfully hard up now and in very poor health, and when I meet him I say to him, “How do you do, ut consecutivum.” “Yes,” he says, “precisely consecutivum …” and coughs. But I’ve been successful all my life, I’m happy, and I even have a Stanislaus Cross, of the second class, and now I myself teach others that ut consecutivum. Of course, I’m a clever man, much cleverer than many, but happiness doesn’t only lie in that. …
	“The Maiden’s Prayer” is being played on the piano in the house.
Irina	Tomorrow night I shan’t hear that “Maiden’s Prayer” any more, and I shan’t be meeting Protopopov. … Pause. Protopopov is sitting there in the drawing-room; and he came today …
Kuligin	Hasn’t the headmistress come yet?
Irina	No. She has been sent for. If you only knew how difficult it is for me to live alone, without Olga. … She lives at the high school; she, a headmistress, busy all day with her affairs and I’m alone, bored, with nothing to do, and hate the room I live in. … I’ve made up my mind: if I can’t live in Moscow, then it must come to this. It’s fate. It can’t be helped. It’s all the will of God, that’s the truth. Nicolai Lvovitch made me a proposal. … Well? I thought it over and made up my mind. He’s a good man … it’s quite remarkable how good he is. … And suddenly my soul put out wings, I became happy, and lighthearted, and once again the desire for work, work, came over me. … Only something happened yesterday, some secret dread has been hanging over me. …
Chebutikin	Luckum. Rubbish.
Natasha	At the window. The headmistress.
Kuligin	The headmistress has come. Let’s go. Exit with Irina* into the house.*
Chebutikin	“It is my washing day. … Tara-ra … boom-deay.”
	Masha approaches, Andrey is wheeling a perambulator at the back.
Masha	Here you are, sitting here, doing nothing.
Chebutikin	What then?
Masha	Sits. Nothing. … Pause. Did you love my mother?
Chebutikin	Very much.
Masha	And did she love you?
Chebutikin	After a pause. I don’t remember that.
Masha	Is my man here? When our cook Martha used to ask about her gendarme, she used to say my man. Is he here?
Chebutikin	Not yet.
Masha	When you take your happiness in little bits, in snatches, and then lose it, as I have done, you gradually get coarser, more bitter. Points to her bosom. I’m boiling in here. … Looks at Andrey* with the perambulator.* There’s our brother Andrey. … All our hopes in him have gone. There was once a great bell, a thousand persons were hoisting it, much money and labour had been spent on it, when it suddenly fell and was broken. Suddenly, for no particular reason. … Andrey is like that. …
Andrey	When are they going to stop making such a noise in the house? It’s awful.
Chebutikin	They won’t be much longer. Looks at his watch. My watch is very old-fashioned, it strikes the hours. … Winds the watch and makes it strike. The first, second, and fifth batteries are to leave at one o’clock precisely. Pause. And I go tomorrow.
Andrey	For good?
Chebutikin	I don’t know. Perhaps I’ll return in a year. The devil only knows … it’s all one. … Somewhere a harp and violin are being played.
Andrey	The town will grow empty. It will be as if they put a cover over it. Pause. Something happened yesterday by the theatre. The whole town knows of it, but I don’t.
Chebutikin	Nothing. A silly little affair. Soleni started irritating the Baron, who lost his temper and insulted him, and so at last Soleni had to challenge him. Looks at his watch. It’s about time, I think. … At half-past twelve, in the public wood, that one you can see from here across the river. … Piff-paff. Laughs. Soleni thinks he’s Lermontov, and even writes verses. That’s all very well, but this is his third duel.
Masha	Whose?
Chebutikin	Soleni’s.
Masha	And the Baron?
Chebutikin	What about the Baron? Pause.
Masha	Everything’s all muddled up in my head. … But I say it ought not to be allowed. He might wound the Baron or even kill him.
Chebutikin	The Baron is a good man, but one Baron more or less—what difference does it make? It’s all the same! Beyond the garden somebody shouts “Co-ee! Hallo!” You wait. That’s Skvortsov shouting; one of the seconds. He’s in a boat. Pause.
Andrey	In my opinion it’s simply immoral to fight in a duel, or to be present, even in the quality of a doctor.
Chebutikin	It only seems so. … We don’t exist, there’s nothing on earth, we don’t really live, it only seems that we live. Does it matter, anyway!
Masha	You talk and talk the whole day long. Going. You live in a climate like this, where it might snow any moment, and there you talk. … Stops. I won’t go into the house, I can’t go there. … Tell me when Vershinin comes. … Goes along the avenue. The migrant birds are already on the wing. … Looks up. Swans or geese. … My dear, happy things. … Exit.
Andrey	Our house will be empty. The officers will go away, you are going, my sister is getting married, and I alone will remain in the house.
Chebutikin	And your wife?
	Ferapont enters with some documents.
Andrey	A wife’s a wife. She’s honest, well-bred, yes; and kind, but with all that there is still something about her that degenerates her into a petty, blind, even in some respects misshapen animal. In any case, she isn’t a man. I tell you as a friend, as the only man to whom I can lay bare my soul. I love Natasha, it’s true, but sometimes she seems extraordinarily vulgar, and then I lose myself and can’t understand why I love her so much, or, at any rate, used to love her. …
Chebutikin	Rises. I’m going away tomorrow, old chap, and perhaps we’ll never meet again, so here’s my advice. Put on your cap, take a stick in your hand, go … go on and on, without looking round. And the farther you go, the better.
	Soleni goes across the back of the stage with two officers; he catches sight of Chebutikin, and turns to him, the officers go on.
Soleni	Doctor, it’s time. It’s half-past twelve already. Shakes hands with Andrey.
Chebutikin	Half a minute. I’m tired of the lot of you. To Andrey. If anybody asks for me, say I’ll be back soon. … Sighs. Oh, oh, oh!
Soleni	“He didn’t have the time to sigh. The bear sat on him heavily.” Goes up to him. What are you groaning about, old man?
Chebutikin	Stop it!
Soleni	How’s your health?
Chebutikin	Angry. Mind your own business.
Soleni	The old man is unnecessarily excited. I won’t go far, I’ll only just bring him down like a snipe. Takes out his scent-bottle and scents his hands. I’ve poured out a whole bottle of scent today and they still smell … of a dead body. Pause. Yes. … You remember the poem “But he, the rebel seeks the storm, As if the storm will bring him rest …”?
Chebutikin	Yes. “He didn’t have the time to sigh, The bear sat on him heavily.” Exit with Soleni.
	Shouts are heard. Andrey* and Ferapont come in.*
Ferapont	Documents to sign. …
Andrey	Irritated. Go away! Leave me! Please! Goes away with the perambulator.
Ferapont	That’s what documents are for, to be signed. Retires to back of stage.
	Enter Irina, with Tuzenbach* in a straw hat; Kuligin walks across the stage, shouting “Co-ee, Masha, co-ee!”*
Tuzenbach	He seems to be the only man in the town who is glad that the soldiers are going.
Irina	One can understand that. Pause. The town will be empty.
Tuzenbach	My dear, I shall return soon.
Irina	Where are you going?
Tuzenbach	I must go into the town and then … see the others off.
Irina	It’s not true … Nicolai, why are you so absentminded today? Pause. What took place by the theatre yesterday?
Tuzenbach	Making a movement of impatience. In an hour’s time I shall return and be with you again. Kisses her hands. My darling … Looking her closely in the face. it’s five years now since I fell in love with you, and still I can’t get used to it, and you seem to me to grow more and more beautiful. What lovely, wonderful hair! What eyes! I’m going to take you away tomorrow. We shall work, we shall be rich, my dreams will come true. You will be happy. There’s only one thing, one thing only: you don’t love me!
Irina	It isn’t in my power! I shall be your wife, I shall be true to you, and obedient to you, but I can’t love you. What can I do! Cries. I have never been in love in my life. Oh, I used to think so much of love, I have been thinking about it for so long by day and by night, but my soul is like an expensive piano which is locked and the key lost. Pause. You seem so unhappy.
Tuzenbach	I didn’t sleep at night. There is nothing in my life so awful as to be able to frighten me, only that lost key torments my soul and does not let me sleep. Say something to me Pause. say something to me. …
Irina	What can I say, what?
Tuzenbach	Anything.
Irina	Don’t! don’t! Pause.
Tuzenbach	It is curious how silly trivial little things, sometimes for no apparent reason, become significant. At first you laugh at these things, you think they are of no importance, you go on and you feel that you haven’t got the strength to stop yourself. Oh don’t let’s talk about it! I am happy. It is as if for the first time in my life I see these firs, maples, beeches, and they all look at me inquisitively and wait. What beautiful trees and how beautiful, when one comes to think of it, life must be near them! A shout of Co-ee! in the distance. It’s time I went. … There’s a tree which has dried up but it still sways in the breeze with the others. And so it seems to me that if I die, I shall still take part in life in one way or another. Goodbye, dear. … Kisses her hands. The papers which you gave me are on my table under the calendar.
Irina	I am coming with you.
Tuzenbach	Nervously. No, no! He goes quickly and stops in the avenue. Irina!
Irina	What is it?
Tuzenbach	Not knowing what to say. I haven’t had any coffee today. Tell them to make me some. … He goes out quickly.
	Irina stands deep in thought. Then she goes to the back of the stage and sits on a swing. Andrey comes in with the perambulator and Ferapont also appears.
Ferapont	Andrey Sergeyevitch, it isn’t as if the documents were mine, they are the government’s. I didn’t make them.
Andrey	Oh, what has become of my past and where is it? I used to be young, happy, clever, I used to be able to think and frame clever ideas, the present and the future seemed to me full of hope. Why do we, almost before we have begun to live, become dull, grey, uninteresting, lazy, apathetic, useless, unhappy. … This town has already been in existence for two hundred years and it has a hundred thousand inhabitants, not one of whom is in any way different from the others. There has never been, now or at any other time, a single leader of men, a single scholar, an artist, a man of even the slightest eminence who might arouse envy or a passionate desire to be imitated. They only eat, drink, sleep, and then they die … more people are born and also eat, drink, sleep, and so as not to go silly from boredom, they try to make life many-sided with their beastly backbiting, vodka, cards, and litigation. The wives deceive their husbands, and the husbands lie, and pretend they see nothing and hear nothing, and the evil influence irresistibly oppresses the children and the divine spark in them is extinguished, and they become just as pitiful corpses and just as much like one another as their fathers and mothers. … Angrily to Ferapont. What do you want?
Ferapont	What? Documents want signing.
Andrey	I’m tired of you.
Ferapont	Handing him papers. The hall-porter from the law courts was saying just now that in the winter there were two hundred degrees of frost in Petersburg.
Andrey	The present is beastly, but when I think of the future, how good it is! I feel so light, so free; there is a light in the distance, I see freedom. I see myself and my children freeing ourselves from vanities, from kvass, from goose baked with cabbage, from after-dinner naps, from base idleness. …
Ferapont	He was saying that two thousand people were frozen to death. The people were frightened, he said. In Petersburg or Moscow, I don’t remember which.
Andrey	Overcome by a tender emotion. My dear sisters, my beautiful sisters! Crying. Masha, my sister. …
Natasha	At the window. Who’s talking so loudly out here? Is that you, Andrey? You’ll wake little Sophie. Il ne faut pas faire du bruit, la Sophie est dormée deja. Vous êtes un ours. Angrily. If you want to talk, then give the perambulator and the baby to somebody else. Ferapont, take the perambulator!
Ferapont	Yes’m. Takes the perambulator.
Andrey	Confused. I’m speaking quietly.
Natasha	At the window, nursing her boy. Bobby! Naughty Bobby! Bad little Bobby!
Andrey	Looking through the papers. All right, I’ll look them over and sign if necessary, and you can take them back to the offices. …
	Goes into house reading papers; Ferapont* takes the perambulator to the back of the garden.*
Natasha	At the window. Bobby, what’s your mother’s name? Dear, dear! And who’s this? That’s Aunt Olga. Say to your aunt, “How do you do, Olga!”
	Two wandering musicians, a man and a girl, are playing on a violin and a harp. Vershinin, Olga, and Anfisa come out of the house and listen for a minute in silence; Irina comes up to them.
Olga	Our garden might be a public thoroughfare, from the way people walk and ride across it. Nurse, give those musicians something!
Anfisa	Gives money to the musicians. Go away with God’s blessing on you. The musicians bow and go away. A bitter sort of people. You don’t play on a full stomach. To Irina. How do you do, Arisha! Kisses her. Well, little girl, here I am, still alive! Still alive! In the high school, together with little Olga, in her official apartments … so the Lord has appointed for my old age. Sinful woman that I am, I’ve never lived like that in my life before. … A large flat, government property, and I’ve a whole room and bed to myself. All government property. I wake up at nights and, oh God, and Holy Mother, there isn’t a happier person than I!
Vershinin	Looks at his watch. We are going soon, Olga Sergeyevna. It’s time for me to go. Pause. I wish you every … every. … Where’s Maria Sergeyevna?
Irina	She’s somewhere in the garden. I’ll go and look for her.
Vershinin	If you’ll be so kind. I haven’t time.
Anfisa	I’ll go and look, too. Shouts. Little Masha, co-ee! Goes out with Irina* down into the garden.* Co-ee, co-ee!
Vershinin	Everything comes to an end. And so we, too, must part. Looks at his watch. The town gave us a sort of farewell breakfast, we had champagne to drink and the mayor made a speech, and I ate and listened, but my soul was here all the time. … Looks round the garden. I’m so used to you now.
Olga	Shall we ever meet again?
Vershinin	Probably not. Pause. My wife and both my daughters will stay here another two months. If anything happens, or if anything has to be done …
Olga	Yes, yes, of course. You need not worry. Pause. Tomorrow there won’t be a single soldier left in the town, it will all be a memory, and, of course, for us a new life will begin. … Pause. None of our plans are coming right. I didn’t want to be a headmistress, but they made me one, all the same. It means there’s no chance of Moscow. …
Vershinin	Well … thank you for everything. Forgive me if I’ve … I’ve said such an awful lot—forgive me for that too, don’t think badly of me.
Olga	Wipes her eyes. Why isn’t Masha coming …
Vershinin	What else can I say in parting? Can I philosophize about anything? Laughs. Life is heavy. To many of us it seems dull and hopeless, but still, it must be acknowledged that it is getting lighter and clearer, and it seems that the time is not far off when it will be quite clear. Looks at his watch. It’s time I went! Mankind used to be absorbed in wars, and all its existence was filled with campaigns, attacks, defeats, now we’ve outlived all that, leaving after us a great waste place, which there is nothing to fill with at present; but mankind is looking for something, and will certainly find it. Oh, if it only happened more quickly. Pause. If only education could be added to industry, and industry to education. Looks at his watch. It’s time I went. …
Olga	Here she comes.
	Enter Masha.
Vershinin	I came to say goodbye. …
	Olga steps aside a little, so as not to be in their way.
Masha	Looking him in the face. Goodbye. Prolonged kiss.
Olga	Don’t, don’t. Masha is crying bitterly.
Vershinin	Write to me. … Don’t forget! Let me go. … It’s time. Take her, Olga Sergeyevna … it’s time … I’m late …
	He kisses Olga’s* hand in evident emotion, then embraces Masha once more and goes out quickly.*
Olga	Don’t, Masha! Stop, dear. … Kuligin enters.
Kuligin	Confused. Never mind, let her cry, let her. … My dear Masha, my good Masha. … You’re my wife, and I’m happy, whatever happens … I’m not complaining, I don’t reproach you at all. … Olga is a witness to it. Let’s begin to live again as we used to, and not by a single word, or hint …
Masha	Restraining her sobs. “There stands a green oak by the sea, And a chain of bright gold is around it. … And a chain of bright gold is around it. …” I’m going off my head … “There stands … a green oak … by the sea.” …
Olga	Don’t, Masha, don’t … give her some water. …
Masha	I’m not crying any more. …
Kuligin	She’s not crying any more … she’s a good … A shot is heard from a distance.
Masha	“There stands a green oak by the sea, And a chain of bright gold is around it … An oak of green gold. …” I’m mixing it up. … Drinks some water. Life is dull … I don’t want anything more now … I’ll be all right in a moment. … It doesn’t matter. … What do those lines mean? Why do they run in my head? My thoughts are all tangled.
	Irina enters.
Olga	Be quiet, Masha. There’s a good girl. … Let’s go in.
Masha	Angrily. I shan’t go in there. Sobs, but controls herself at once. I’m not going to go into the house, I won’t go. …
Irina	Let’s sit here together and say nothing. I’m going away tomorrow. … Pause.
Kuligin	Yesterday I took away these whiskers and this beard from a boy in the third class. … He puts on the whiskers and beard. Don’t I look like the German master. … Laughs. Don’t I? The boys are amusing.
Masha	You really do look like that German of yours.
Olga	Laughs. Yes. Masha weeps.
Irina	Don’t, Masha!
Kuligin	It’s a very good likeness. …
	Enter Natasha.
Natasha	To the maid. What? Mihail Ivanitch Protopopov will sit with little Sophie, and Andrey Sergeyevitch can take little Bobby out. Children are such a bother. … To Irina. Irina, it’s such a pity you’re going away tomorrow. Do stop just another week. Sees Kuligin* and screams; he laughs and takes off his beard and whiskers.* How you frightened me! To Irina. I’ve grown used to you and do you think it will be easy for me to part from you? I’m going to have Andrey and his violin put into your room—let him fiddle away in there!—and we’ll put little Sophie into his room. The beautiful, lovely child! What a little girlie! Today she looked at me with such pretty eyes and said “Mamma!”
Kuligin	A beautiful child, it’s quite true.
Natasha	That means I shall have the place to myself tomorrow. Sighs. In the first place I shall have that avenue of fir-trees cut down, then that maple. It’s so ugly at nights. … To Irina. That belt doesn’t suit you at all, dear. … It’s an error of taste. And I’ll give orders to have lots and lots of little flowers planted here, and they’ll smell. … Severely. Why is there a fork lying about here on the seat? Going towards the house, to the maid. Why is there a fork lying about here on the seat, I say? Shouts. Don’t you dare to answer me!
Kuligin	Temper! temper! A march is played off; they all listen.
Olga	They’re going.
	Chebutikin comes in.
Masha	They’re going. Well, well. … Bon voyage! To her husband. We must be going home. … Where’s my coat and hat?
Kuligin	I took them in … I’ll bring them, in a moment.
Olga	Yes, now we can all go home. It’s time.
Chebutikin	Olga Sergeyevna!
Olga	What is it? Pause. What is it?
Chebutikin	Nothing … I don’t know how to tell you. … Whispers to her.
Olga	Frightened. It can’t be true!
Chebutikin	Yes … such a story … I’m tired out, exhausted, I won’t say any more. … Sadly. Still, it’s all the same!
Masha	What’s happened?
Olga	Embraces Irina. This is a terrible day … I don’t know how to tell you, dear. …
Irina	What is it? Tell me quickly, what is it? For God’s sake! Cries.
Chebutikin	The Baron was killed in the duel just now.
Irina	Cries softly. I knew it, I knew it. …
Chebutikin	Sits on a bench at the back of the stage. I’m tired. … Takes a paper from his pocket. Let ’em cry. … Sings softly. “Tarara-boom-deay, it is my washing day. …” Isn’t it all the same!
	The three sisters are standing, pressing against one another.
Masha	Oh, how the music plays! They are leaving us, one has quite left us, quite and forever. We remain alone, to begin our life over again. We must live … we must live. …
Irina	Puts her head on Olga’s* bosom.* There will come a time when everybody will know why, for what purpose, there is all this suffering, and there will be no more mysteries. But now we must live … we must work, just work! Tomorrow, I’ll go away alone, and I’ll teach and give my whole life to those who, perhaps, need it. It’s autumn now, soon it will be winter, the snow will cover everything, and I shall be working, working. …
Olga	Embraces both her sisters. The bands are playing so gaily, so bravely, and one does so want to live! Oh, my God! Time will pass on, and we shall depart forever, we shall be forgotten; they will forget our faces, voices, and even how many there were of us, but our sufferings will turn into joy for those who will live after us, happiness and peace will reign on earth, and people will remember with kindly words, and bless those who are living now. Oh dear sisters, our life is not yet at an end. Let us live. The music is so gay, so joyful, and, it seems that in a little while we shall know why we are living, why we are suffering. … If we could only know, if we could only know!
	The music has been growing softer and softer; Kuligin, smiling happily, brings out the hat and coat; Andrey* wheels out the perambulator in which Bobby is sitting.*
Chebutikin	Sings softly. “Tara … ra-boom-deay. … It is my washing-day.” … Reads a paper. It’s all the same! It’s all the same!
Olga	If only we could know, if only we could know!

fetching the rest…

Dramatis Personae

Andrey Sergeyevitch Prosorov

Natalia Ivanova (Natasha), his fiancée, later his wife (28)

Olga (28),
Masha (23),
Irina (20), his sisters

Feodor Ilitch Kuligin, high school teacher, married to Masha

Alexander Ignateyevitch Vershinin, lieutenant-colonel in charge of a battery (42)

Nicolai Lvovitch Tuzenbach, baron, lieutenant in the army (30)

Vassili Vassilevitch Soleni, captain

Ivan Romanovitch Chebutikin, army doctor (60)

Alexey Petrovitch Fedotik, sublieutenant

Vladimir Carlovitch Rode, sublieutenant

Ferapont, doorkeeper at local council offices, an old man

Anfisa, nurse (80)

The action takes place in a provincial town.

(Ages are stated in parentheses.)

Act I

In Prosorov’s house. A sitting-room with pillars; behind is seen a large dining-room. It is midday, the sun is shining brightly outside. In the dining-room the table is being laid for lunch.

Olga, in the regulation blue dress of a teacher at a girl’s high school, is walking about correcting exercise books; Masha, in a black dress, with a hat on her knees, sits and reads a book; Irina, in white, stands about, with a thoughtful expression.

Olga

It’s just a year since father died last May the fifth, on your name day, Irina. It was very cold then, and snowing. I thought I would never survive it, and you were in a dead faint. And now a year has gone by and we are already thinking about it without pain, and you are wearing a white dress and your face is happy. Clock strikes twelve. And the clock struck just the same way then. Pause. I remember that there was music at the funeral, and they fired a volley in the cemetery. He was a general in command of a brigade but there were few people present. Of course, it was raining then, raining hard, and snowing.

Irina

Why think about it!

Baron Tuzenbach, Chebutikin and Soleni appear by the table in the dining-room, behind the pillars.

Olga

It’s so warm today that we can keep the windows open, though the birches are not yet in flower. Father was put in command of a brigade, and he rode out of Moscow with us eleven years ago. I remember perfectly that it was early in May and that everything in Moscow was flowering then. It was warm too, everything was bathed in sunshine. Eleven years have gone, and I remember everything as if we rode out only yesterday. Oh, God! When I awoke this morning and saw all the light and the spring, joy entered my heart, and I longed passionately to go home.

Chebutikin

Will you take a bet on it?

Tuzenbach

Oh, nonsense.

Masha, lost in a reverie over her book, whistles softly.

Olga

Don’t whistle, Masha. How can you! Pause. I’m always having headaches from having to go to the high school every day and then teach till evening. Strange thoughts come to me, as if I were already an old woman. And really, during these four years that I have been working here, I have been feeling as if every day my strength and youth have been squeezed out of me, drop by drop. And only one desire grows and gains in strength …

Irina

To go away to Moscow. To sell the house, drop everything here, and go to Moscow …

Olga

Yes! To Moscow, and as soon as possible.

Chebutikin and Tuzenbach laugh.

Irina

I expect Andrey will become a professor, but still, he won’t want to live here. Only poor Masha must go on living here.

Olga

Masha can come to Moscow every year, for the whole summer.

Masha is whistling gently.

Irina

Everything will be arranged, please God. Looks out of the window. It’s nice out today. I don’t know why I’m so happy: I remembered this morning that it was my name day, and I suddenly felt glad and remembered my childhood, when mother was still with us. What beautiful thoughts I had, what thoughts!

Olga

You’re all radiance today, I’ve never seen you look so lovely. And Masha is pretty, too. Andrey wouldn’t be bad-looking, if he wasn’t so stout; it does spoil his appearance. But I’ve grown old and very thin, I suppose it’s because I get angry with the girls at school. Today I’m free. I’m at home. I haven’t got a headache, and I feel younger than I was yesterday. I’m only twenty-eight. … All’s well, God is everywhere, but it seems to me that if only I were married and could stay at home all day, it would be even better. Pause. I should love my husband.

Tuzenbach

To Soleni. I’m tired of listening to the rot you talk. Entering the sitting-room. I forgot to say that Vershinin, our new lieutenant-colonel of artillery, is coming to see us today. Sits down to the piano.

Olga

That’s good. I’m glad.

Irina

Is he old?

Tuzenbach

Oh, no. Forty or forty-five, at the very outside. Plays softly. He seems rather a good sort. He’s certainly no fool, only he likes to hear himself speak.

Irina

Is he interesting?

Tuzenbach

Oh, he’s all right, but there’s his wife, his mother-in-law, and two daughters. This is his second wife. He pays calls and tells everybody that he’s got a wife and two daughters. He’ll tell you so here. The wife isn’t all there, she does her hair like a flapper and gushes extremely. She talks philosophy and tries to commit suicide every now and again, apparently in order to annoy her husband. I should have left her long ago, but he bears up patiently, and just grumbles.

Soleni

Enters with Chebutikin from the dining-room. With one hand I can only lift fifty-four pounds, but with both hands I can lift 180, or even 200 pounds. From this I conclude that two men are not twice as strong as one, but three times, perhaps even more. …

Chebutikin

Reads a newspaper as he walks. If your hair is coming out … take an ounce of naphthaline and hail a bottle of spirit … dissolve and use daily. … Makes a note in his pocket diary. When found make a note of! Not that I want it though. … Crosses it out. It doesn’t matter.

Irina

Ivan Romanovitch, dear Ivan Romanovitch!

Chebutikin

What does my own little girl want?

Irina

Ivan Romanovitch, dear Ivan Romanovitch! I feel as if I were sailing under the broad blue sky with great white birds around me. Why is that? Why?

Chebutikin

Kisses her hands, tenderly. My white bird. …

Irina

When I woke up today and got up and dressed myself, I suddenly began to feel as if everything in this life was open to me, and that I knew how I must live. Dear Ivan Romanovitch, I know everything. A man must work, toil in the sweat of his brow, whoever he may be, for that is the meaning and object of his life, his happiness, his enthusiasm. How fine it is to be a workman who gets up at daybreak and breaks stones in the street, or a shepherd, or a schoolmaster, who teaches children, or an engine-driver on the railway. … My God, let alone a man, it’s better to be an ox, or just a horse, so long as it can work, than a young woman who wakes up at twelve o’clock, has her coffee in bed, and then spends two hours dressing. … Oh it’s awful! Sometimes when it’s hot, your thirst can be just as tiresome as my need for work. And if I don’t get up early in future and work, Ivan Romanovitch, then you may refuse me your friendship.

Chebutikin

Tenderly. I’ll refuse, I’ll refuse. …

Olga

Father used to make us get up at seven. Now Irina wakes at seven and lies and meditates about something till nine at least. And she looks so serious! Laughs.

Irina

You’re so used to seeing me as a little girl that it seems queer to you when my face is serious. I’m twenty!

Tuzenbach

How well I can understand that craving for work, oh God! I’ve never worked once in my life. I was born in Petersburg, a chilly, lazy place, in a family which never knew what work or worry meant. I remember that when I used to come home from my regiment, a footman used to have to pull off my boots while I fidgeted and my mother looked on in adoration and wondered why other people didn’t see me in the same light. They shielded me from work; but only just in time! A new age is dawning, the people are marching on us all, a powerful, health-giving storm is gathering, it is drawing near, soon it will be upon us and it will drive away laziness, indifference, the prejudice against labour, and rotten dullness from our society. I shall work, and in twenty-five or thirty years, every man will have to work. Everyone!

Chebutikin

I shan’t work.

Tuzenbach

You don’t matter.

Soleni

In twenty-five years’ time, we shall all be dead, thank the Lord. In two or three years’ time apoplexy will carry you off, or else I’ll blow your brains out, my pet. Takes a scent-bottle out of his pocket and sprinkles his chest and hands.

Chebutikin

Laughs. It’s quite true, I never have worked. After I came down from the university I never stirred a finger or opened a book, I just read the papers. … Takes another newspaper out of his pocket. Here we are. … I’ve learnt from the papers that there used to be one, Dobrolubov,1 for instance, but what he wrote—I don’t know … God only knows. … Somebody is heard tapping on the floor from below. There. … They’re calling me downstairs, somebody’s come to see me. I’ll be back in a minute … won’t be long. … Exit hurriedly, scratching his beard.

Irina

He’s up to something.

Tuzenbach

Yes, he looked so pleased as he went out that I’m pretty certain he’ll bring you a present in a moment.

Irina

How unpleasant!

Olga

Yes, it’s awful. He’s always doing silly things.

Masha

“There stands a green oak by the sea.
And a chain of bright gold is around it …
And a chain of bright gold is around it. …”

Gets up and sings softly.

Olga

You’re not very bright today, Masha. Masha sings, putting on her hat. Where are you off to?

Masha

Home.

Irina

That’s odd. …

Tuzenbach

On a name day, too!

Masha

It doesn’t matter. I’ll come in the evening. Goodbye, dear. Kisses Irina. Many happy returns, though I’ve said it before. In the old days when father was alive, every time we had a name day, thirty or forty officers used to come, and there was lots of noise and fun, and today there’s only a man and a half, and it’s as quiet as a desert … I’m off … I’ve got the hump today, and am not at all cheerful, so don’t you mind me. Laughs through her tears. We’ll have a talk later on, but goodbye for the present, my dear; I’ll go somewhere.

Irina

Displeased. You are queer. …

Olga

Crying. I understand you, Masha.

Soleni

When a man talks philosophy, well, it is philosophy or at any rate sophistry; but when a woman, or two women, talk philosophy—it’s all my eye.

Masha

What do you mean by that, you very awful man?

Soleni

Oh, nothing. You came down on me before I could say … help! Pause.

Masha

Angrily, to Olga. Don’t cry!

Enter Anfisa and Ferapont with a cake.

Anfisa

This way, my dear. Come in, your feet are clean. To Irina. From the District Council, from Mihail Ivanitch Protopopov … a cake.

Irina

Thank you. Please thank him. Takes the cake.

Ferapont

What?

Irina

Louder. Please thank him.

Olga

Give him a pie, nurse. Ferapont, go, she’ll give you a pie.

Ferapont

What?

Anfisa

Come on, gran’fer, Ferapont Spiridonitch. Come on. Exeunt.

Masha

I don’t like this Mihail Potapitch or Ivanitch, Protopopov. We oughtn’t to invite him here.

Irina

I never asked him.

Masha

That’s all right.

Enter Chebutikin followed by a soldier with a silver samovar; there is a rumble of dissatisfied surprise.

Olga

Covers her face with her hands. A samovar! That’s awful! Exit into the dining-room, to the table.

Irina

My dear Ivan Romanovitch, what are you doing!

Tuzenbach

Laughs. I told you so!

Masha

Ivan Romanovitch, you are simply shameless!

Chebutikin

My dear good girl, you are the only thing, and the dearest thing I have in the world. I’ll soon be sixty. I’m an old man, a lonely worthless old man. The only good thing in me is my love for you, and if it hadn’t been for that, I would have been dead long ago. … To Irina. My dear little girl, I’ve known you since the day of your birth, I’ve carried you in my arms … I loved your dead mother. …

Masha

But your presents are so expensive!

Chebutikin

Angrily, through his tears. Expensive presents. … You really, are! … To the orderly. Take the samovar in there. … Teasing. Expensive presents!

The orderly goes into the dining-room with the samovar.

Anfisa

Enters and crosses stage. My dear, there’s a strange Colonel come! He’s taken off his coat already. Children, he’s coming here. Irina darling, you’ll be a nice and polite little girl, won’t you. … Should have lunched a long time ago. … Oh, Lord. … Exit.

Tuzenbach

It must be Vershinin. Enter Vershinin. Lieutenant-Colonel Vershinin!

Vershinin

To Masha and Irina. I have the honour to introduce myself, my name is Vershinin. I am very glad indeed to be able to come at last. How you’ve grown! Oh! oh!

Irina

Please sit down. We’re very glad you’ve come.

Vershinin

Gaily. I am glad, very glad! But there are three sisters, surely. I remember—three little girls. I forget your faces, but your father, Colonel Prosorov, used to have three little girls, I remember that perfectly, I saw them with my own eyes. How time does fly! Oh, dear, how it flies!

Tuzenbach

Alexander Ignateyevitch comes from Moscow.

Irina

From Moscow? Are you from Moscow?

Vershinin

Yes, that’s so. Your father used to be in charge of a battery there, and I was an officer in the same brigade. To Masha. I seem to remember your face a little.

Masha

I don’t remember you.

Irina

Olga! Olga! Shouts into the dining-room. Olga! Come along! Olga enters from the dining-room. Lieutenant Colonel Vershinin comes from Moscow, as it happens.

Vershinin

I take it that you are Olga Sergeyevna, the eldest, and that you are Maria … and you are Irina, the youngest. …

Olga

So you come from Moscow?

Vershinin

Yes. I went to school in Moscow and began my service there; I was there for a long time until at last I got my battery and moved over here, as you see. I don’t really remember you, I only remember that there used to be three sisters. I remember your father well; I have only to shut my eyes to see him as he was. I used to come to your house in Moscow. …

Olga

I used to think I remembered everybody, but …

Vershinin

My name is Alexander Ignateyevitch.

Irina

Alexander Ignateyevitch, you’ve come from Moscow. That is really quite a surprise!

Olga

We are going to live there, you see.

Irina

We think we may be there this autumn. It’s our native town, we were born there. In Old Basmanni Road. … They both laugh for joy.

Masha

We’ve unexpectedly met a fellow countryman. Briskly. I remember: Do you remember, Olga, they used to speak at home of a “lovelorn Major.” You were only a Lieutenant then, and in love with somebody, but for some reason they always called you a Major for fun.

Vershinin

Laughs. That’s it … the lovelorn Major, that’s got it!

Masha

You only wore moustaches then. You have grown older! Through her tears. You have grown older!

Vershinin

Yes, when they used to call me the lovelorn Major, I was young and in love. I’ve grown out of both now.

Olga

But you haven’t a single white hair yet. You’re older, but you’re not yet old.

Vershinin

I’m forty-two, anyway. Have you been away from Moscow long?

Irina

Eleven years. What are you crying for, Masha, you little fool. … Crying. And I’m crying too.

Masha

It’s all right. And where did you live?

Vershinin

Old Basmanni Road.

Olga

Same as we.

Vershinin

Once I used to live in German Street. That was when the Red Barracks were my headquarters. There’s an ugly bridge in between, where the water rushes underneath. One gets melancholy when one is alone there. Pause. Here the river is so wide and fine! It’s a splendid river!

Olga

Yes, but it’s so cold. It’s very cold here, and the midges. …

Vershinin

What are you saying! Here you’ve got such a fine healthy Russian climate. You’ve a forest, a river … and birches. Dear, modest birches, I like them more than any other tree. It’s good to live here. Only it’s odd that the railway station should be thirteen miles away. … Nobody knows why.

Soleni

I know why. All look at him. Because if it was near it wouldn’t be far off, and if it’s far off, it can’t be near. An awkward pause.

Tuzenbach

Funny man.

Olga

Now I know who you are. I remember.

Vershinin

I used to know your mother.

Chebutikin

She was a good woman, rest her soul.

Irina

Mother is buried in Moscow.

Olga

At the Novo-Devichi Cemetery.

Masha

Do you know, I’m beginning to forget her face. We’ll be forgotten in just the same way.

Vershinin

Yes, they’ll forget us. It’s our fate, it can’t be helped. A time will come when everything that seems serious, significant, or very important to us will be forgotten, or considered trivial. Pause. And the curious thing is that we can’t possibly find out what will come to be regarded as great and important, and what will be feeble, or silly. Didn’t the discoveries of Copernicus, or Columbus, say, seem unnecessary and ludicrous at first, while wasn’t it thought that some rubbish written by a fool, held all the truth? And it may so happen that our present existence, with which we are so satisfied, will in time appear strange, inconvenient, stupid, unclean, perhaps even sinful. …

Tuzenbach

Who knows? But on the other hand, they may call our life noble and honour its memory. We’ve abolished torture and capital punishment, we live in security, but how much suffering there is still!

Soleni

In a feeble voice. There, there. … The Baron will go without his dinner if you only let him talk philosophy.

Tuzenbach

Vassili Vassilevitch, kindly leave me alone. Changes his chair. You’re very dull, you know.

Soleni

Feebly. There, there, there.

Tuzenbach

To Vershinin. The sufferings we see today—there are so many of them!—still indicate a certain moral improvement in society.

Vershinin

Yes, yes, of course.

Chebutikin

You said just now, Baron, that they may call our life noble; but we are very petty. … Stands up. See how little I am. Violin played behind.

Masha

That’s Andrey playing—our brother.

Irina

He’s the learned member of the family. I expect he will be a professor some day. Father was a soldier, but his son chose an academic career for himself.

Masha

That was father’s wish.

Olga

We ragged him today. We think he’s a little in love.

Irina

To a local lady. She will probably come here today.

Masha

You should see the way she dresses! Quite prettily, quite fashionably too, but so badly! Some queer bright yellow skirt with a wretched little fringe and a red bodice. And such a complexion! Andrey isn’t in love. After all he has taste, he’s simply making fun of us. I heard yesterday that she was going to marry Protopopov, the chairman of the Local Council. That would do her nicely. … At the side door. Andrey, come here! Just for a minute, dear! Enter Andrey.

Olga

My brother, Andrey Sergeyevitch.

Vershinin

My name is Vershinin.

Andrey

Mine is Prosorov. Wipes his perspiring hands. You’ve come to take charge of the battery?

Olga

Just think, Alexander Ignateyevitch comes from Moscow.

Andrey

That’s all right. Now my little sisters won’t give you any rest.

Vershinin

I’ve already managed to bore your sisters.

Irina

Just look what a nice little photograph frame Andrey gave me today. Shows it. He made it himself.

Vershinin

Looks at the frame and does not know what to say. Yes. … It’s a thing that …

Irina

And he made that frame there, on the piano as well. Andrey waves his hand and walks away.

Olga

He’s got a degree, and plays the violin, and cuts all sorts of things out of wood, and is really a domestic Admirable Crichton. Don’t go away, Andrey! He’s got into a habit of always going away. Come here!

Masha and Irina take his arms and laughingly lead him back.

Masha

Come on, come on!

Andrey

Please leave me alone.

Masha

You are funny. Alexander Ignateyevitch used to be called the lovelorn Major, but he never minded.

Vershinin

Not the least.

Masha

I’d like to call you the lovelorn fiddler!

Irina

Or the lovelorn professor!

Olga

He’s in love! little Andrey is in love!

Irina

Applauds. Bravo, Bravo! Encore! Little Andrey is in love.

Chebutikin

Goes up behind Andrey and takes him round the waist with both arms. Nature only brought us into the world that we should love! Roars with laughter, then sits down and reads a newspaper which he takes out of his pocket.

Andrey

That’s enough, quite enough. … Wipes his face. I couldn’t sleep all night and now I can’t quite find my feet, so to speak. I read until four o’clock, then tried to sleep, but nothing happened. I thought about one thing and another, and then it dawned and the sun crawled into my bedroom. This summer, while I’m here, I want to translate a book from the English. …

Vershinin

Do you read English?

Andrey

Yes father, rest his soul, educated us almost violently. It may seem funny and silly, but it’s nevertheless true, that after his death I began to fill out and get rounder, as if my body had had some great pressure taken off it. Thanks to father, my sisters and I know French, German, and English, and Irina knows Italian as well. But we paid dearly for it all!

Masha

A knowledge of three languages is an unnecessary luxury in this town. It isn’t even a luxury but a sort of useless extra, like a sixth finger. We know a lot too much.

Vershinin

Well, I say! Laughs. You know a lot too much! I don’t think there can really be a town so dull and stupid as to have no place for a clever, cultured person. Let us suppose even that among the hundred thousand inhabitants of this backward and uneducated town, there are only three persons like yourself. It stands to reason that you won’t be able to conquer that dark mob around you; little by little as you grow older you will be bound to give way and lose yourselves in this crowd of a hundred thousand human beings; their life will suck you up in itself, but still, you won’t disappear having influenced nobody; later on, others like you will come, perhaps six of them, then twelve, and so on, until at last your sort will be in the majority. In two or three hundred years’ time life on this earth will be unimaginably beautiful and wonderful. Mankind needs such a life, and if it is not ours today then we must look ahead for it, wait, think, prepare for it. We must see and know more than our fathers and grandfathers saw and knew. Laughs. And you complain that you know too much.

Masha

Takes off her hat. I’ll stay to lunch.

Irina

Sighs. Yes, all that ought to be written down.

Andrey has gone out quietly.

Tuzenbach

You say that many years later on, life on this earth will be beautiful and wonderful. That’s true. But to share in it now, even though at a distance, we must prepare by work. …

Vershinin

Gets up. Yes. What a lot of flowers you have. Looks round. It’s a beautiful flat. I envy you! I’ve spent my whole life in rooms with two chairs, one sofa, and fires which always smoke. I’ve never had flowers like these in my life. … Rubs his hands. Well, well!

Tuzenbach

Yes, we must work. You are probably thinking to yourself: the German lets himself go. But I assure you I’m a Russian, I can’t even speak German. My father belonged to the Orthodox Church. … Pause.

Vershinin

Walks about the stage. I often wonder: suppose we could begin life over again, knowing what we were doing? Suppose we could use one life, already ended, as a sort of rough draft for another? I think that every one of us would try, more than anything else, not to repeat himself, at the very least he would rearrange his manner of life, he would make sure of rooms like these, with flowers and light … I have a wife and two daughters, my wife’s health is delicate and so on and so on, and if I had to begin life all over again I would not marry. … No, no!

Enter Kuligin in a regulation jacket.

Kuligin

Going up to Irina. Dear sister, allow me to congratulate you on the day sacred to your good angel and to wish you, sincerely and from the bottom of my heart, good health and all that one can wish for a girl of your years. And then let me offer you this book as a present. Gives it to her. It is the history of our high school during the last fifty years, written by myself. The book is worthless, and written because I had nothing to do, but read it all the same. Good day, gentlemen! To Vershinin. My name is Kuligin, I am a master of the local high school.2 To Irina. In this book you will find a list of all those who have taken the full course at our high school during these fifty years. Feci quod potui, faciant meliora potentes. Kisses Masha.

Irina

But you gave me one of these at Easter.

Kuligin

Laughs. I couldn’t have, surely! You’d better give it back to me in that case, or else give it to the Colonel. Take it, Colonel. You’ll read it some day when you’re bored.

Vershinin

Thank you. Prepares to go. I am extremely happy to have made the acquaintance of …

Olga

Must you go? No, not yet?

Irina

You’ll stop and have lunch with us. Please do.

Olga

Yes, please!

Vershinin

Bows. I seem to have dropped in on your name day. Forgive me, I didn’t know, and I didn’t offer you my congratulations. Goes with Olga into the dining-room.

Kuligin

Today is Sunday, the day of rest, so let us rest and rejoice, each in a manner compatible with his age and disposition. The carpets will have to be taken up for the summer and put away till the winter … Persian powder or naphthaline. … The Romans were healthy because they knew both how to work and how to rest, they had mens sana in corpore sano. Their life ran along certain recognized patterns. Our director says: “The chief thing about each life is its pattern. Whoever loses his pattern is lost himself”—and it’s just the same in our daily life. Takes Masha by the waist, laughing. Masha loves me. My wife loves me. And you ought to put the window curtains away with the carpets. … I’m feeling awfully pleased with life today. Masha, we’ve got to be at the director’s at four. They’re getting up a walk for the pedagogues and their families.

Masha

I shan’t go.

Kuligin

Hurt. My dear Masha, why not?

Masha

I’ll tell you later. … Angrily. All right, I’ll go, only please stand back. … Steps away.

Kuligin

And then we’re to spend the evening at the director’s. In spite of his ill-health that man tries, above everything else, to be sociable. A splendid, illuminating personality. A wonderful man. After yesterday’s committee he said to me: “I’m tired, Feodor Ilitch, I’m tired!” Looks at the clock, then at his watch. Your clock is seven minutes fast. “Yes,” he said, “I’m tired.” Violin played off.

Olga

Let’s go and have lunch! There’s to be a masterpiece of baking!

Kuligin

Oh my dear Olga, my dear. Yesterday I was working till eleven o’clock at night, and got awfully tired. Today I’m quite happy. Goes into dining-room. My dear …

Chebutikin

Puts his paper into his pocket, and combs his beard. A pie? Splendid!

Masha

Severely to Chebutikin. Only mind; you’re not to drink anything today. Do you hear? It’s bad for you.

Chebutikin

Oh, that’s all right. I haven’t been drunk for two years. And it’s all the same, anyway!

Masha

You’re not to dare to drink, all the same. Angrily, but so that her husband should not hear. Another dull evening at the Director’s, confound it!

Tuzenbach

I shouldn’t go if I were you. … It’s quite simple.

Chebutikin

Don’t go.

Masha

Yes, “don’t go. …” It’s a cursed, unbearable life. … Goes into dining-room.

Chebutikin

Follows her. It’s not so bad.

Soleni

Going into the dining-room. There, there, there. …

Tuzenbach

Vassili Vassilevitch, that’s enough. Be quiet!

Soleni

There, there, there. …

Kuligin

Gaily. Your health, Colonel! I’m a pedagogue and not quite at home here. I’m Masha’s husband. … She’s a good sort, a very good sort.

Vershinin

I’ll have some of this black vodka. … Drinks. Your health! To Olga. I’m very comfortable here!

Only Irina and Tuzenbach are now left in the sitting-room.

Irina

Masha’s out of sorts today. She married when she was eighteen, when he seemed to her the wisest of men. And now it’s different. He’s the kindest man, but not the wisest.

Olga

Impatiently. Andrey, when are you coming?

Andrey

Off. One minute. Enters and goes to the table.

Tuzenbach

What are you thinking about?

Irina

I don’t like this Soleni of yours and I’m afraid of him. He only says silly things.

Tuzenbach

He’s a queer man. I’m sorry for him, though he vexes me. I think he’s shy. When there are just the two of us he’s quite all right and very good company; when other people are about he’s rough and hectoring. Don’t let’s go in, let them have their meal without us. Let me stay with you. What are you thinking of? Pause. You’re twenty. I’m not yet thirty. How many years are there left to us, with their long, long lines of days, filled with my love for you. …

Irina

Nicolai Lvovitch, don’t speak to me of love.

Tuzenbach

Does not hear. I’ve a great thirst for life, struggle, and work, and this thirst has united with my love for you, Irina, and you’re so beautiful, and life seems so beautiful to me! What are you thinking about?

Irina

You say that life is beautiful. Yes, if only it seems so! The life of us three hasn’t been beautiful yet; it has been stifling us as if it was weeds … I’m crying. I oughtn’t. … Dries her tears, smiles. We must work, work. That is why we are unhappy and look at the world so sadly; we don’t know what work is. Our parents despised work. …

Enter Natalia Ivanova; she wears a pink dress and a green sash.

Natasha

They’re already at lunch … I’m late … Carefully examines herself in a mirror, and puts herself straight. I think my hair’s done all right. … Sees Irina. Dear Irina Sergeyevna, I congratulate you! Kisses her firmly and at length. You’ve so many visitors, I’m really ashamed. … How do you do, Baron!

Olga

Enters from dining-room. Here’s Natalia Ivanovna. How are you, dear! They kiss.

Natasha

Happy returns. I’m awfully shy, you’ve so many people here.

Olga

All our friends. Frightened, in an undertone. You’re wearing a green sash! My dear, you shouldn’t!

Natasha

Is it a sign of anything?

Olga

No, it simply doesn’t go well … and it looks so queer.

Natasha

In a tearful voice. Yes? But it isn’t really green, it’s too dull for that. Goes into dining-room with Olga.

They have all sat down to lunch in the dining-room, the sitting-room is empty.

Kuligin

I wish you a nice fiancée, Irina. It’s quite time you married.

Chebutikin

Natalia Ivanovna, I wish you the same.

Kuligin

Natalia Ivanovna has a fiancé already.

Masha

Raps with her fork on a plate. Let’s all get drunk and make life purple for once!

Kuligin

You’ve lost three good conduct marks.

Vershinin

This is a nice drink. What’s it made of?

Soleni

Blackbeetles.

Irina

Tearfully. Phoo! How disgusting!

Olga

There is to be a roast turkey and a sweet apple pie for dinner. Thank goodness I can spend all day and the evening at home. You’ll come in the evening, ladies and gentlemen. …

Vershinin

And please may I come in the evening!

Irina

Please do.

Natasha

They don’t stand on ceremony here.

Chebutikin

Nature only brought us into the world that we should love! Laughs.

Andrey

Angrily. Please don’t! Aren’t you tired of it?

Enter Fedotik and Rode with a large basket of flowers.

Fedotik

They’re lunching already.

Rode

Loudly and thickly. Lunching? Yes, so they are. …

Fedotik

Wait a minute! Takes a photograph. That’s one. No, just a moment. … Takes another. That’s two. Now we’re ready!

They take the basket and go into the dining-room, where they have a noisy reception.

Rode

Loudly. Congratulations and best wishes! Lovely weather today, simply perfect. Was out walking with the high school students all the morning. I take their drills.

Fedotik

You may move, Irina Sergeyevna! Takes a photograph. You look well today. Takes a humming-top out of his pocket. Here’s a humming-top, by the way. It’s got a lovely note!

Irina

How awfully nice!

Masha

“There stands a green oak by the sea,
And a chain of bright gold is around it …
And a chain of bright gold is around it …”

Tearfully. What am I saying that for? I’ve had those words running in my head all day. …

Kuligin

There are thirteen at table!

Rode

Aloud. Surely you don’t believe in that superstition? Laughter.

Kuligin

If there are thirteen at table then it means there are lovers present. It isn’t you, Ivan Romanovitch, hang it all. … Laughter.

Chebutikin

I’m a hardened sinner, but I really don’t see why Natalia Ivanovna should blush. …

Loud laughter; Natasha runs out into the sitting-room, followed by Andrey.

Andrey

Don’t pay any attention to them! Wait … do stop, please. …

Natasha

I’m shy … I don’t know what’s the matter with me and they’re all laughing at me. It wasn’t nice of me to leave the table like that, but I can’t … I can’t. Covers her face with her hands.

Andrey

My dear, I beg you. I implore you not to excite yourself. I assure you they’re only joking, they’re kind people. My dear, good girl, they’re all kind and sincere people, and they like both you and me. Come here to the window, they can’t see us here. … Looks round.

Natasha

I’m so unaccustomed to meeting people!

Andrey

Oh your youth, your splendid, beautiful youth! My darling, don’t be so excited! Believe me, believe me … I’m so happy, my soul is full of love, of ecstasy. … They don’t see us! They can’t! Why, why or when did I fall in love with you—Oh, I can’t understand anything. My dear, my pure darling, be my wife! I love you, love you … as never before. … They kiss.

Two officers come in and, seeing the lovers kiss, stop in astonishment.

Act II

Scene as before. It is 8 p.m. Somebody is heard playing a concertina outside in the street. There is no fire.

Natalia Ivanovna enters in indoor dress carrying a candle; she stops by the door which leads into Andrey’s room.

Natasha

What are you doing, Andrey? Are you reading? It’s nothing, only I. … She opens another door, and looks in, then closes it. Isn’t there any fire. …

Andrey

Enters with book in hand. What are you doing, Natasha?

Natasha

I was looking to see if there wasn’t a fire. It’s Shrovetide, and the servant is simply beside herself; I must look out that something doesn’t happen. When I came through the dining-room yesterday midnight, there was a candle burning. I couldn’t get her to tell me who had lighted it. Puts down her candle. What’s the time?

Andrey

Looks at his watch. A quarter past eight.

Natasha

And Olga and Irina aren’t in yet. The poor things are still at work. Olga at the teacher’s council, Irina at the telegraph office. … Sighs. I said to your sister this morning, “Irina, darling, you must take care of yourself.” But she pays no attention. Did you say it was a quarter past eight? I am afraid little Bobby is quite ill. Why is he so cold? He was feverish yesterday, but today he is quite cold … I am so frightened!

Andrey

It’s all right, Natasha. The boy is well.

Natasha

Still, I think we ought to put him on a diet. I am so afraid. And the entertainers were to be here after nine; they had better not come, Audrey.

Andrey

I don’t know. After all, they were asked.

Natasha

This morning, when the little boy woke up and saw me he suddenly smiled; that means he knew me. “Good morning, Bobby!” I said, “good morning, darling.” And he laughed. Children understand, they understand very well. So I’ll tell them, Andrey dear, not to receive the entertainers.

Andrey

Hesitatingly. But what about my sisters. This is their flat.

Natasha

They’ll do as I want them. They are so kind. … Going. I ordered sour milk for supper. The doctor says you must eat sour milk and nothing else, or you won’t get thin. Stops. Bobby is so cold. I’m afraid his room is too cold for him. It would be nice to put him into another room till the warm weather comes. Irina’s room, for instance, is just right for a child: it’s dry and has the sun all day. I must tell her, she can share Olga’s room. It isn’t as if she was at home in the daytime, she only sleeps here. … A pause. Andrey, darling, why are you so silent?

Andrey

I was just thinking. … There is really nothing to say. …

Natasha

Yes … there was something I wanted to tell you. … Oh, yes. Ferapont has come from the Council offices, he wants to see you.

Andrey

Yawns. Call him here.

Natasha goes out; Andrey reads his book, stooping over the candle she has left behind. Ferapont enters; he wears a tattered old coat with the collar up. His ears are muffled.

Andrey

Good morning, grandfather. What have you to say?

Ferapont

The Chairman sends a book and some documents or other. Here. … Hands him a book and a packet.

Andrey

Thank you. It’s all right. Why couldn’t you come earlier? It’s past eight now.

Ferapont

What?

Andrey

Louder. I say you’ve come late, it’s past eight.

Ferapont

Yes, yes. I came when it was still light, but they wouldn’t let me in. They said you were busy. Well, what was I to do. If you’re busy, you’re busy, and I’m in no hurry. He thinks that Andrey is asking him something. What?

Andrey

Nothing. Looks through the book. Tomorrow’s Friday. I’m not supposed to go to work, but I’ll come—all the same … and do some work. It’s dull at home. Pause. Oh, my dear old man, how strangely life changes, and how it deceives! Today, out of sheer boredom, I took up this book—old university lectures, and I couldn’t help laughing. My God, I’m secretary of the local district council, the council which has Protopopov for its chairman, yes, I’m the secretary, and the summit of my ambitions is—to become a member of the council! I to be a member of the local district council, I, who dream every night that I’m a professor of Moscow University, a famous scholar of whom all Russia is proud!

Ferapont

I can’t tell … I’m hard of hearing. …

Andrey

If you weren’t, I don’t suppose I should talk to you. I’ve got to talk to somebody, and my wife doesn’t understand me, and I’m a bit afraid of my sisters—I don’t know why unless it is that they may make fun of me and make me feel ashamed … I don’t drink, I don’t like public-houses, but how I should like to be sitting just now in Tyestov’s place in Moscow, or at the Great Moscow, old fellow!

Ferapont

Moscow? That’s where a contractor was once telling that some merchants or other were eating pancakes; one ate forty pancakes and he went and died, he was saying. Either forty or fifty, I forget which.

Andrey

In Moscow you can sit in an enormous restaurant where you don’t know anybody and where nobody knows you, and you don’t feel all the same that you’re a stranger. And here you know everybody and everybody knows you, and you’re a stranger … and a lonely stranger.

Ferapont

What? And the same contractor was telling—perhaps he was lying—that there was a cable stretching right across Moscow.

Andrey

What for?

Ferapont

I can’t tell. The contractor said so.

Andrey

Rubbish. He reads. Were you ever in Moscow?

Ferapont

After a pause. No. God did not lead me there. Pause. Shall I go?

Andrey

You may go. Goodbye. Ferapont goes. Goodbye. Reads. You can come tomorrow and fetch these documents. … Go along. … Pause. He’s gone. A ring. Yes, yes. … Stretches himself and slowly goes into his own room.

Behind the scene the nurse is singing a lullaby to the child. Masha and Vershinin come in. While they talk, a maidservant lights candles and a lamp.

Masha

I don’t know. Pause. I don’t know. Of course, habit counts for a great deal. After father’s death, for instance, it took us a long time to get used to the absence of orderlies. But, apart from habit, it seems to me in all fairness that, however it may be in other towns, the best and most-educated people are army men.

Vershinin

I’m thirsty. I should like some tea.

Masha

Glancing at her watch. They’ll bring some soon. I was given in marriage when I was eighteen, and I was afraid of my husband because he was a teacher and I’d only just left school. He then seemed to me frightfully wise and learned and important. And now, unfortunately, that has changed.

Vershinin

Yes … yes.

Masha

I don’t speak of my husband, I’ve grown used to him, but civilians in general are so often coarse, impolite, uneducated. Their rudeness offends me, it angers me. I suffer when I see that a man isn’t quite sufficiently refined, or delicate, or polite. I simply suffer agonies when I happen to be among schoolmasters, my husband’s colleagues.

Vershinin

Yes. … It seems to me that civilians and army men are equally interesting, in this town, at any rate. It’s all the same! If you listen to a member of the local intelligentsia, whether to civilian or military, he will tell you that he’s sick of his wife, sick of his house, sick of his estate, sick of his horses. … We Russians are extremely gifted in the direction of thinking on an exalted plane, but, tell me, why do we aim so low in real life? Why?

Masha

Why?

Vershinin

Why is a Russian sick of his children, sick of his wife? And why are his wife and children sick of him?

Masha

You’re a little downhearted today.

Vershinin

Perhaps I am. I haven’t had any dinner, I’ve had nothing since the morning. My daughter is a little unwell, and when my girls are ill, I get very anxious and my conscience tortures me because they have such a mother. Oh, if you had seen her today! What a trivial personality! We began quarrelling at seven in the morning and at nine I slammed the door and went out. Pause. I never speak of her, it’s strange that I bear my complaints to you alone. Kisses her hand. Don’t be angry with me. I haven’t anybody but you, nobody at all. … Pause.

Masha

What a noise in the oven. Just before father’s death there was a noise in the pipe, just like that.

Vershinin

Are you superstitious?

Masha

Yes.

Vershinin

That’s strange. Kisses her hand. You are a splendid, wonderful woman. Splendid, wonderful! It is dark here, but I see your sparkling eyes.

Masha

Sits on another chair. There is more light here.

Vershinin

I love you, love you, love you … I love your eyes, your movements, I dream of them. … Splendid, wonderful woman!

Masha

Laughing. When you talk to me like that, I laugh; I don’t know why, for I’m afraid. Don’t repeat it, please. … In an undertone. No, go on, it’s all the same to me. … Covers her face with her hands. Somebody’s coming, let’s talk about something else.

Irina and Tuzenbach come in through the dining-room.

Tuzenbach

My surname is really triple. I am called Baron Tuzenbach-Krone-Altschauer, but I am Russian and Orthodox, the same as you. There is very little German left in me, unless perhaps it is the patience and the obstinacy with which I bore you. I see you home every night.

Irina

How tired I am!

Tuzenbach

And I’ll come to the telegraph office to see you home every day for ten or twenty years, until you drive me away. He sees Masha and Vershinin; joyfully. Is that you? How do you do.

Irina

Well, I am home at last. To Masha. A lady came today to telegraph to her brother in Saratov that her son died today, and she couldn’t remember the address anyhow. So she sent the telegram without an address, just to Saratov. She was crying. And for some reason or other I was rude to her. “I’ve no time,” I said. It was so stupid. Are the entertainers coming tonight?

Masha

Yes.

Irina

Sitting down in an armchair. I want a rest. I am tired.

Tuzenbach

Smiling. When you come home from your work you seem so young, and so unfortunate. … Pause.

Irina

I am tired. No, I don’t like the telegraph office, I don’t like it.

Masha

You’ve grown thinner. … Whistles a little. And you look younger, and your face has become like a boy’s.

Tuzenbach

That’s the way she does her hair.

Irina

I must find another job, this one won’t do for me. What I wanted, what I hoped to get, just that is lacking here. Labour without poetry, without ideas. … A knock on the floor. The doctor is knocking. To Tuzenbach. Will you knock, dear. I can’t … I’m tired. … Tuzenbach knocks. He’ll come in a minute. Something ought to be done. Yesterday the doctor and Andrey played cards at the club and lost money. Andrey seems to have lost 200 roubles.

Masha

With indifference. What can we do now?

Irina

He lost money a fortnight ago, he lost money in December. Perhaps if he lost everything we should go away from this town. Oh, my God, I dream of Moscow every night. I’m just like a lunatic. Laughs. We go there in June, and before June there’s still … February, March, April, May … nearly half a year!

Masha

Only Natasha mustn’t get to know of these losses.

Irina

I expect it will be all the same to her.

Chebutikin, who has only just got out of bed—he was resting after dinner—comes into the dining-room and combs his beard. He then sits by the table and takes a newspaper from his pocket.

Masha

Here he is. … Has he paid his rent?

Irina

Laughs. No. He’s been here eight months and hasn’t paid a copeck. Seems to have forgotten.

Masha

Laughs. What dignity in his pose! They all laugh. A pause.

Irina

Why are you so silent, Alexander Ignateyevitch?

Vershinin

I don’t know. I want some tea. Half my life for a tumbler of tea: I haven’t had anything since morning.

Chebutikin

Irina Sergeyevna!

Irina

What is it?

Chebutikin

Please come here, Venez ici. Irina goes and sits by the table. I can’t do without you. Irina begins to play patience.

Vershinin

Well, if we can’t have any tea, let’s philosophize, at any rate.

Tuzenbach

Yes, let’s. About what?

Vershinin

About what? Let us meditate … about life as it will be after our time; for example, in two or three hundred years.

Tuzenbach

Well? After our time people will fly about in balloons, the cut of one’s coat will change, perhaps they’ll discover a sixth sense and develop it, but life will remain the same, laborious, mysterious, and happy. And in a thousand years’ time, people will still be sighing: “Life is hard!”—and at the same time they’ll be just as afraid of death, and unwilling to meet it, as we are.

Vershinin

Thoughtfully. How can I put it? It seems to me that everything on earth must change, little by little, and is already changing under our very eyes. After two or three hundred years, after a thousand—the actual time doesn’t matter—a new and happy age will begin. We, of course, shall not take part in it, but we live and work and even suffer today that it should come. We create it—and in that one object is our destiny and, if you like, our happiness.

Masha laughs softly.

Tuzenbach

What is it?

Masha

I don’t know. I’ve been laughing all day, ever since morning.

Vershinin

I finished my education at the same point as you, I have not studied at universities; I read a lot, but I cannot choose my books and perhaps what I read is not at all what I should, but the longer I love, the more I want to know. My hair is turning white, I am nearly an old man now, but I know so little, oh, so little! But I think I know the things that matter most, and that are most real. I know them well. And I wish I could make you understand that there is no happiness for us, that there should not and cannot be. … We must only work and work, and happiness is only for our distant posterity. Pause. If not for me, then for the descendants of my descendants.

Fedotik and Rode come into the dining-room; they sit and sing softly, strumming on a guitar.

Tuzenbach

According to you, one should not even think about happiness! But suppose I am happy!

Vershinin

No.

Tuzenbach

Moves his hands and laughs. We do not seem to understand each other. How can I convince you? Masha laughs quietly, Tuzenbach continues, pointing at her. Yes, laugh! To Vershinin. Not only after two or three centuries, but in a million years, life will still be as it was; life does not change, it remains forever, following its own laws which do not concern us, or which, at any rate, you will never find out. Migrant birds, cranes for example, fly and fly, and whatever thoughts, high or low, enter their heads, they will still fly and not know why or where. They fly and will continue to fly, whatever philosophers come to life among them; they may philosophize as much as they like, only they will fly. …

Masha

Still, is there a meaning?

Tuzenbach

A meaning. … Now the snow is falling. What meaning? Pause.

Masha

It seems to me that a man must have faith, or must search for a faith, or his life will be empty, empty. … To live and not to know why the cranes fly, why babies are born, why there are stars in the sky. … Either you must know why you live, or everything is trivial, not worth a straw. A pause.

Vershinin

Still, I am sorry that my youth has gone.

Masha

Gogol says: life in this world is a dull matter, my masters!

Tuzenbach

And I say it’s difficult to argue with you, my masters! Hang it all.

Chebutikin

Reading. Balzac was married at Berdichev. Irina is singing softly. That’s worth making a note of. He makes a note. Balzac was married at Berdichev. Goes on reading.

Irina

Laying out cards, thoughtfully. Balzac was married at Berdichev.

Tuzenbach

The die is cast. I’ve handed in my resignation, Maria Sergeyevna.

Masha

So I heard. I don’t see what good it is; I don’t like civilians.

Tuzenbach

Never mind. … Gets up. I’m not handsome; what use am I as a soldier? Well, it makes no difference … I shall work. If only just once in my life I could work so that I could come home in the evening, fall exhausted on my bed, and go to sleep at once. Going into the dining-room. Workmen, I suppose, do sleep soundly!

Fedotik

To Irina. I bought some coloured pencils for you at Pizhikov’s in the Moscow Road, just now. And here is a little knife.

Irina

You have got into the habit of behaving to me as if I am a little girl, but I am grown up. Takes the pencils and the knife, then, with joy. How lovely!

Fedotik

And I bought myself a knife … look at it … one blade, another, a third, an ear-scoop, scissors, nail-cleaners.

Rode

Loudly. Doctor, how old are you?

Chebutikin

I? Thirty-two. Laughter.

Fedotik

I’ll show you another kind of patience. … Lays out cards.

A samovar is brought in; Anfisa attends to it; a little later Natasha enters and helps by the table; Soleni arrives and, after greetings, sits by the table.

Vershinin

What a wind!

Masha

Yes. I’m tired of winter. I’ve already forgotten what summer’s like.

Irina

It’s coming out, I see. We’re going to Moscow.

Fedotik

No, it won’t come out. Look, the eight was on the two of spades. Laughs. That means you won’t go to Moscow.

Chebutikin

Reading paper. Tsitsigar. Smallpox is raging here.

Anfisa

Coming up to Masha. Masha, have some tea, little mother. To Vershinin. Please have some, sir … excuse me, but I’ve forgotten your name. …

Masha

Bring some here, nurse. I shan’t go over there.

Irina

Nurse!

Anfisa

Coming, coming!

Natasha

To Soleni. Children at the breast understand perfectly. I said “Good morning, Bobby; good morning, dear!” And he looked at me in quite an unusual way. You think it’s only the mother in me that is speaking; I assure you that isn’t so! He’s a wonderful child.

Soleni

If he was my child I’d roast him on a frying-pan and eat him. Takes his tumbler into the drawing-room and sits in a corner.

Natasha

Covers her face in her hands. Vulgar, ill-bred man!

Masha

He’s lucky who doesn’t notice whether it’s winter now, or summer. I think that if I were in Moscow, I shouldn’t mind about the weather.

Vershinin

A few days ago I was reading the prison diary of a French minister. He had been sentenced on account of the Panama scandal. With what joy, what delight, he speaks of the birds he saw through the prison windows, which he had never noticed while he was a minister. Now, of course, that he is at liberty, he notices birds no more than he did before. When you go to live in Moscow you’ll not notice it, in just the same way. There can be no happiness for us, it only exists in our wishes.

Tuzenbach

Takes cardboard box from the table. Where are the pastries?

Irina

Soleni has eaten them.

Tuzenbach

All of them?

Anfisa

Serving tea. There’s a letter for you.

Vershinin

For me? Takes the letter. From my daughter. Reads. Yes, of course … I will go quietly. Excuse me, Maria Sergeyevna. I shan’t have any tea. Stands up, excited. That eternal story. …

Masha

What is it? Is it a secret?

Vershinin

Quietly. My wife has poisoned herself again. I must go. I’ll go out quietly. It’s all awfully unpleasant. Kisses Masha’s hand. My dear, my splendid, good woman … I’ll go this way, quietly. Exit.

Anfisa

Where has he gone? And I’d served tea. … What a man.

Masha

Angrily. Be quiet! You bother so one can’t have a moment’s peace. … Goes to the table with her cup. I’m tired of you, old woman!

Anfisa

My dear! Why are you offended!

Andrey’s voice

Anfisa!

Anfisa

Mocking. Anfisa! He sits there and … Exit.

Masha

In the dining-room, by the table angrily. Let me sit down! Disturbs the cards on the table. Here you are, spreading your cards out. Have some tea!

Irina

You are cross, Masha.

Masha

If I am cross, then don’t talk to me. Don’t touch me!

Chebutikin

Don’t touch her, don’t touch her. …

Masha

You’re sixty, but you’re like a boy, always up to some beastly nonsense.

Natasha

Sighs. Dear Masha, why use such expressions? With your beautiful exterior you would be simply fascinating in good society, I tell you so directly, if it wasn’t for your words. Je vous prie, pardonnez moi, Marie, mais vous avez des manières un peu grossières.

Tuzenbach

Restraining his laughter. Give me … give me … there’s some cognac, I think.

Natasha

Il parait, que mon Bobick déjà ne dort pas, he has awakened. He isn’t well today. I’ll go to him, excuse me … Exit.

Irina

Where has Alexander Ignateyevitch gone?

Masha

Home. Something extraordinary has happened to his wife again.

Tuzenbach

Goes to Soleni with a cognac-flask in his hands. You go on sitting by yourself, thinking of something—goodness knows what. Come and let’s make peace. Let’s have some cognac. They drink. I expect I’ll have to play the piano all night, some rubbish most likely … well, so be it!

Soleni

Why make peace? I haven’t quarrelled with you.

Tuzenbach

You always make me feel as if something has taken place between us. You’ve a strange character, you must admit.

Soleni

Declaims. “I am strange, but who is not? Don’t be angry, Aleko!”

Tuzenbach

And what has Aleko to do with it? Pause.

Soleni

When I’m with one other man I behave just like everybody else, but in company I’m dull and shy and … talk all manner of rubbish. But I’m more honest and more honourable than very, very many people. And I can prove it.

Tuzenbach

I often get angry with you, you always fasten on to me in company, but I like you all the same. I’m going to drink my fill tonight, whatever happens. Drink, now!

Soleni

Let’s drink. They drink. I never had anything against you, Baron. But my character is like Lermontov’s In a low voice. I even rather resemble Lermontov, they say. … Takes a scent-bottle from his pocket, and scents his hands.

Tuzenbach

I’ve sent in my resignation. Basta! I’ve been thinking about it for five years, and at last made up my mind. I shall work.

Soleni

Declaims. “Do not be angry, Aleko … forget, forget, thy dreams of yore. …”

While he is speaking Andrey enters quietly with a book, and sits by the table.

Tuzenbach

I shall work.

Chebutikin

Going with Irina into the dining-room. And the food was also real Caucasian onion soup, and, for a roast, some chehartma.

Soleni

Cheremsha3 isn’t meat at all, but a plant something like an onion.

Chebutikin

No, my angel. Chehartma isn’t onion, but roast mutton.

Soleni

And I tell you, chehartma—is a sort of onion.

Chebutikin

And I tell you, chehartma—is mutton.

Soleni

And I tell you, cheremsha—is a sort of onion.

Chebutikin

What’s the use of arguing! You’ve never been in the Caucasus, and never ate any chehartma.

Soleni

I never ate it, because I hate it. It smells like garlic.

Andrey

Imploring. Please, please! I ask you!

Tuzenbach

When are the entertainers coming?

Irina

They promised for about nine; that is, quite soon.

Tuzenbach

Embraces Andrey.

“Oh my house, my house, my new-built house.”

Andrey

Dances and sings. “Newly-built of maple-wood.”

Chebutikin

Dances.

“Its walls are like a sieve!”

Laughter.

Tuzenbach

Kisses Andrey. Hang it all, let’s drink. Andrey, old boy, let’s drink with you. And I’ll go with you, Andrey, to the University of Moscow.

Soleni

Which one? There are two universities in Moscow.

Andrey

There’s one university in Moscow.

Soleni

Two, I tell you.

Andrey

Don’t care if there are three. So much the better.

Soleni

There are two universities in Moscow! There are murmurs and “hushes.” There are two universities in Moscow, the old one and the new one. And if you don’t like to listen, if my words annoy you, then I need not speak. I can even go into another room. … Exit.

Tuzenbach

Bravo, bravo! Laughs. Come on, now. I’m going to play. Funny man, Soleni. … Goes to the piano and plays a waltz.

Masha

Dancing solo. The Baron’s drunk, the Baron’s drunk, the Baron’s drunk!

Natasha comes in.

Natasha

To Chebutikin. Ivan Romanovitch!

Says something to Chebutikin, then goes out quietly; Chebutikin touches Tuzenbach on the shoulder and whispers something to him.

Irina

What is it?

Chebutikin

Time for us to go. Goodbye.

Tuzenbach

Good night. It’s time we went.

Irina

But, really, the entertainers?

Andrey

In confusion. There won’t be any entertainers. You see, dear, Natasha says that Bobby isn’t quite well, and so. … In a word, I don’t care, and it’s absolutely all one to me.

Irina

Shrugging her shoulders. Bobby ill!

Masha

What is she thinking of! Well, if they are sent home, I suppose they must go. To Irina. Bobby’s all right, it’s she herself. … Here! Taps her forehead. Little bourgeoise!

Andrey goes to his room through the right-hand door, Chebutikin follows him. In the dining-room they are saying goodbye.

Fedotik

What a shame! I was expecting to spend the evening here, but of course, if the little baby is ill … I’ll bring him some toys tomorrow.

Rode

Loudly. I slept late after dinner today because I thought I was going to dance all night. It’s only nine o’clock now!

Masha

Let’s go into the street, we can talk there. Then we can settle things.

Goodbyes and good nights are heard. Tuzenbach’s merry laughter is heard. (All go out.) Anfisa and the maid clear the table, and put out the lights. (The nurse sings.) Andrey, wearing an overcoat and a hat, and Chebutikin enter silently.

Chebutikin

I never managed to get married because my life flashed by like lightning, and because I was madly in love with your mother, who was married.

Andrey

One shouldn’t marry. One shouldn’t, because it’s dull.

Chebutikin

So there I am, in my loneliness. Say what you will, loneliness is a terrible thing, old fellow. … Though really … of course, it absolutely doesn’t matter!

Andrey

Let’s be quicker.

Chebutikin

What are you in such a hurry for? We shall be in time.

Andrey

I’m afraid my wife may stop me.

Chebutikin

Ah!

Andrey

I shan’t play tonight, I shall only sit and look on. I don’t feel very well. … What am I to do for my asthma, Ivan Romanovitch?

Chebutikin

Don’t ask me! I don’t remember, old fellow, I don’t know.

Andrey

Let’s go through the kitchen. They go out.

A bell rings, then a second time; voices and laughter are heard.

Irina

Enters. What’s that?

Anfisa

Whispers. The entertainers! Bell.

Irina

Tell them there’s nobody at home, nurse. They must excuse us.

Anfisa goes out. Irina walks about the room deep in thought; she is excited. Soleni enters.

Soleni

In surprise. There’s nobody here. … Where are they all?

Irina

They’ve gone home.

Soleni

How strange. Are you here alone?

Irina

Yes, alone. A pause. Goodbye.

Soleni

Just now I behaved tactlessly, with insufficient reserve. But you are not like all the others, you are noble and pure, you can see the truth. … You alone can understand me. I love you, deeply, beyond measure, I love you.

Irina

Goodbye! Go away.

Soleni

I cannot live without you. Follows her. Oh, my happiness! Through his tears. Oh, joy! Wonderful, marvellous, glorious eyes, such as I have never seen before. …

Irina

Coldly. Stop it, Vassili Vassilevitch!

Soleni

This is the first time I speak to you of love, and it is as if I am no longer on the earth, but on another planet. Wipes his forehead. Well, never mind. I can’t make you love me by force, of course … but I don’t intend to have any more-favoured rivals. … No … I swear to you by all the saints, I shall kill my rival. … Oh, beautiful one!

Natasha enters with a candle; she looks in through one door, then through another, and goes past the door leading to her husband’s room.

Natasha

Here’s Andrey. Let him go on reading. Excuse me, Vassili Vassilevitch, I did not know you were here; I am engaged in domesticities.

Soleni

It’s all the same to me. Goodbye! Exit.

Natasha

You’re so tired, my poor dear girl! Kisses Irina. If you only went to bed earlier.

Irina

Is Bobby asleep?

Natasha

Yes, but restlessly. By the way, dear, I wanted to tell you, but either you weren’t at home, or I was busy … I think Bobby’s present nursery is cold and damp. And your room would be so nice for the child. My dear, darling girl, do change over to Olga’s for a bit!

Irina

Not understanding. Where?

The bells of a troika are heard as it drives up to the house.

Natasha

You and Olga can share a room, for the time being, and Bobby can have yours. He’s such a darling; today I said to him, “Bobby, you’re mine! Mine!” And he looked at me with his dear little eyes. A bell rings. It must be Olga. How late she is! The maid enters and whispers to Natasha. Protopopov? What a queer man to do such a thing. Protopopov’s come and wants me to go for a drive with him in his troika. Laughs. How funny these men are. … A bell rings. Somebody has come. Suppose I did go and have half an hour’s drive. … To the maid. Say I shan’t be long. Bell rings. Somebody’s ringing, it must be Olga. Exit.

The maid runs out; Irina sits deep in thought; Kuligin and Olga enter, followed by Vershinin.

Kuligin

Well, there you are. And you said there was going to be a party.

Vershinin

It’s queer; I went away not long ago, half an hour ago, and they were expecting entertainers.

Irina

They’ve all gone.

Kuligin

Has Masha gone too? Where has she gone? And what’s Protopopov waiting for downstairs in his troika? Whom is he expecting?

Irina

Don’t ask questions … I’m tired.

Kuligin

Oh, you’re all whimsies. …

Olga

My committee meeting is only just over. I’m tired out. Our chairwoman is ill, so I had to take her place. My head, my head is aching. … Sits. Andrey lost 200 roubles at cards yesterday … the whole town is talking about it. …

Kuligin

Yes, my meeting tired me too. Sits.

Vershinin

My wife took it into her head to frighten me just now by nearly poisoning herself. It’s all right now, and I’m glad; I can rest now. … But perhaps we ought to go away? Well, my best wishes, Feodor Ilitch, let’s go somewhere together! I can’t, I absolutely can’t stop at home. … Come on!

Kuligin

I’m tired. I won’t go. Gets up. I’m tired. Has my wife gone home?

Irina

I suppose so.

Kuligin

Kisses Irina’s hand. Goodbye, I’m going to rest all day tomorrow and the day after. Best wishes! Going. I should like some tea. I was looking forward to spending the whole evening in pleasant company and—o, fallacem hominum spem! … Accusative case after an interjection. …

Vershinin

Then I’ll go somewhere by myself. Exit with Kuligin, whistling.

Olga

I’ve such a headache … Andrey has been losing money. … The whole town is talking. … I’ll go and lie down. Going. I’m free tomorrow. … Oh, my God, what a mercy! I’m free tomorrow, I’m free the day after. … Oh my head, my head. … Exit.

Irina

Alone. They’ve all gone. Nobody’s left.

A concertina is being played in the street. The nurse sings.

Natasha

In fur coat and cap, steps across the dining-room, followed by the maid. I’ll be back in half an hour. I’m only going for a little drive. Exit.

Irina

Alone in her misery. To Moscow! Moscow! Moscow!

Act III

Masha is lying on a sofa dressed, as usual, in black. Enter Olga and Anfisa.

Anfisa

Now they are downstairs, sitting under the stairs. I said to them, “Won’t you come up,” I said, “you can’t go on like this,” and they simply cried, “We don’t know where father is.” They said, “He may be burnt up by now.” What an idea! And in the yard there are some people … also undressed.

Olga

Takes a dress out of the cupboard. Take this grey dress. … And this … and the blouse as well. … Take the skirt, too, nurse. … My God! How awful it is! The whole of the Kirsanovsky Road seems to have burned down. Take this … and this. … Throws clothes into her hands. The poor Vershinins are so frightened. … Their house was nearly burnt. They ought to come here for the night. … They shouldn’t be allowed to go home. … Poor Fedotik is completely burnt out, there’s nothing left. …

Anfisa

Couldn’t you call Ferapont, Olga dear. I can hardly manage. …

Olga

Rings. They’ll never answer. … At the door. Come here, whoever there is! Through the open door can be seen a window, red with flame: afire-engine is heard passing the house. How awful this is. And how I’m sick of it! Ferapont enters. Take these things down. … The Kolotilin girls are down below … and let them have them. This, too.

Ferapont

Yes’m. In the year twelve Moscow was burning too. Oh, my God! The Frenchmen were surprised.

Olga

Go on, go on. …

Ferapont

Yes’m. Exit.

Olga

Nurse, dear, let them have everything. We don’t want anything. Give it all to them, nurse. … I’m tired, I can hardly keep on my legs. … The Vershinins mustn’t be allowed to go home. … The girls can sleep in the drawing-room, and Alexander Ignateyevitch can go downstairs to the Baron’s flat … Fedotik can go there, too, or else into our dining-room. … The doctor is drunk, beastly drunk, as if on purpose, so nobody can go to him. Vershinin’s wife, too, may go into the drawing-room.

Anfisa

Tired. Olga, dear girl, don’t dismiss me! Don’t dismiss me!

Olga

You’re talking nonsense, nurse. Nobody is dismissing you.

Anfisa

Puts Olga’s head against her bosom. My dear, precious girl, I’m working, I’m toiling away … I’m growing weak, and they’ll all say go away! And where shall I go? Where? I’m eighty. Eighty-one years old. …

Olga

You sit down, nurse dear. … You’re tired, poor dear. … Makes her sit down. Rest, dear. You’re so pale!

Natasha comes in.

Natasha

They are saying that a committee to assist the sufferers from the fire must be formed at once. What do you think of that? It’s a beautiful idea. Of course the poor ought to be helped, it’s the duty of the rich. Bobby and little Sophy are sleeping, sleeping as if nothing at all was the matter. There’s such a lot of people here, the place is full of them, wherever you go. There’s influenza in the town now. I’m afraid the children may catch it.

Olga

Not attending. In this room we can’t see the fire, it’s quiet here.

Natasha

Yes … I suppose I’m all untidy. Before the looking-glass. They say I’m growing stout … it isn’t true! Certainly it isn’t! Masha’s asleep; the poor thing is tired out. … Coldly, to Anfisa. Don’t dare to be seated in my presence! Get up! Out of this! Exit Anfisa; a pause. I don’t understand what makes you keep on that old woman!

Olga

Confusedly. Excuse me, I don’t understand either …

Natasha

She’s no good here. She comes from the country, she ought to live there. … Spoiling her, I call it! I like order in the house! We don’t want any unnecessary people here. Strokes her cheek. You’re tired, poor thing! Our head mistress is tired! And when my little Sophie grows up and goes to school I shall be so afraid of you.

Olga

I shan’t be head mistress.

Natasha

They’ll appoint you, Olga. It’s settled.

Olga

I’ll refuse the post. I can’t … I’m not strong enough. … Drinks water. You were so rude to nurse just now … I’m sorry. I can’t stand it … everything seems dark in front of me. …

Natasha

Excited. Forgive me, Olga, forgive me … I didn’t want to annoy you.

Masha gets up, takes a pillow and goes out angrily.

Olga

Remember, dear … we have been brought up, in an unusual way, perhaps, but I can’t bear this. Such behaviour has a bad effect on me, I get ill … I simply lose heart!

Natasha

Forgive me, forgive me. … Kisses her.

Olga

Even the least bit of rudeness, the slightest impoliteness, upsets me.

Natasha

I often say too much, it’s true, but you must agree, dear, that she could just as well live in the country.

Olga

She has been with us for thirty years.

Natasha

But she can’t do any work now. Either I don’t understand, or you don’t want to understand me. She’s no good for work, she can only sleep or sit about.

Olga

And let her sit about.

Natasha

Surprised. What do you mean? She’s only a servant. Crying. I don’t understand you, Olga. I’ve got a nurse, a wet-nurse, we’ve a cook, a housemaid … what do we want that old woman for as well? What good is she? Fire-alarm behind the stage.

Olga

I’ve grown ten years older tonight.

Natasha

We must come to an agreement, Olga. Your place is the school, mine—the home. You devote yourself to teaching, I, to the household. And if I talk about servants, then I do know what I am talking about; I do know what I am talking about … And tomorrow there’s to be no more of that old thief, that old hag … Stamping. that witch! And don’t you dare to annoy me! Don’t you dare! Stopping short. Really, if you don’t move downstairs, we shall always be quarrelling. This is awful.

Enter Kuligin.

Kuligin

Where’s Masha? It’s time we went home. The fire seems to be going down. Stretches himself. Only one block has burnt down, but there was such a wind that it seemed at first the whole town was going to burn. Sits. I’m tired out. My dear Olga … I often think that if it hadn’t been for Masha, I should have married you. You are awfully nice. … I am absolutely tired out. Listens.

Olga

What is it?

Kuligin

The doctor, of course, has been drinking hard; he’s terribly drunk. He might have done it on purpose! Gets up. He seems to be coming here. … Do you hear him? Yes, here. … Laughs. What a man … really … I’ll hide myself. Goes to the cupboard and stands in the corner. What a rogue.

Olga

He hadn’t touched a drop for two years, and now he suddenly goes and gets drunk. …

Retires with Natasha to the back of the room. Chebutikin enters; apparently sober, he stops, looks round, then goes to the washstand and begins to wash his hands.

Chebutikin

Angrily. Devil take them all … take them all. … They think I’m a doctor and can cure everything, and I know absolutely nothing, I’ve forgotten all I ever knew, I remember nothing, absolutely nothing. Olga and Natasha go out, unnoticed by him. Devil take it. Last Wednesday I attended a woman in Zasip—and she died, and it’s my fault that she died. Yes … I used to know a certain amount five-and-twenty years ago, but I don’t remember anything now. Nothing. Perhaps I’m not really a man, and am only pretending that I’ve got arms and legs and a head; perhaps I don’t exist at all, and only imagine that I walk, and eat, and sleep. Cries. Oh, if only I didn’t exist! Stops crying; angrily. The devil only knows. … Day before yesterday they were talking in the club; they said, Shakespeare, Voltaire … I’d never read, never read at all, and I put on an expression as if I had read. And so did the others. Oh, how beastly! How petty! And then I remembered the woman I killed on Wednesday … and I couldn’t get her out of my mind, and everything in my mind became crooked, nasty, wretched. … So I went and drank. …

Irina, Vershinin and Tuzenbach enter; Tuzenbach is wearing new and fashionable civilian clothes.

Irina

Let’s sit down here. Nobody will come in here.

Vershinin

The whole town would have been destroyed if it hadn’t been for the soldiers. Good men! Rubs his hands appreciatively. Splendid people! Oh, what a fine lot!

Kuligin

Coming up to him. What’s the time?

Tuzenbach

It’s past three now. It’s dawning.

Irina

They are all sitting in the dining-room, nobody is going. And that Soleni of yours is sitting there. To Chebutikin. Hadn’t you better be going to sleep, doctor?

Chebutikin

It’s all right … thank you. … Combs his beard.

Kuligin

Laughs. Speaking’s a bit difficult, eh, Ivan Romanovitch! Pats him on the shoulder. Good man! In vino veritas, the ancients used to say.

Tuzenbach

They keep on asking me to get up a concert in aid of the sufferers.

Irina

As if one could do anything. …

Tuzenbach

It might be arranged, if necessary. In my opinion Maria Sergeyevna is an excellent pianist.

Kuligin

Yes, excellent!

Irina

She’s forgotten everything. She hasn’t played for three years … or four.

Tuzenbach

In this town absolutely nobody understands music, not a soul except myself, but I do understand it, and assure you on my word of honour that Maria Sergeyevna plays excellently, almost with genius.

Kuligin

You are right, Baron, I’m awfully fond of Masha. She’s very fine.

Tuzenbach

To be able to play so admirably and to realize at the same time that nobody, nobody can understand you!

Kuligin

Sighs. Yes. … But will it be quite all right for her to take part in a concert? Pause. You see, I don’t know anything about it. Perhaps it will even be all to the good. Although I must admit that our Director is a good man, a very good man even, a very clever man, still he has such views. … Of course it isn’t his business but still, if you wish it, perhaps I’d better talk to him.

Chebutikin takes a porcelain clock into his hands and examines it.

Vershinin

I got so dirty while the fire was on, I don’t look like anybody on earth. Pause. Yesterday I happened to hear, casually, that they want to transfer our brigade to some distant place. Some said to Poland, others, to Chita.

Tuzenbach

I heard so, too. Well, if it is so, the town will be quite empty.

Irina

And we’ll go away, too!

Chebutikin

Drops the clock which breaks to pieces. To smithereens!

A pause; everybody is pained and confused.

Kuligin

Gathering up the pieces. To smash such a valuable object—oh, Ivan Romanovitch, Ivan Romanovitch! A very bad mark for your misbehaviour!

Irina

That clock used to belong to our mother.

Chebutikin

Perhaps. … To your mother, your mother. Perhaps I didn’t break it; it only looks as if I broke it. Perhaps we only think that we exist, when really we don’t. I don’t know anything, nobody knows anything. At the door. What are you looking at? Natasha has a little romance with Protopopov, and you don’t see it. … There you sit and see nothing, and Natasha has a little romance with Protopovov. … Sings. Won’t you please accept this date. … Exit.

Vershinin

Yes. Laughs. How strange everything really is! Pause. When the fire broke out, I hurried off home; when I get there I see the house is whole, uninjured, and in no danger, but my two girls are standing by the door in just their underclothes, their mother isn’t there, the crowd is excited, horses and dogs are running about, and the girls’ faces are so agitated, terrified, beseeching, and I don’t know what else. My heart was pained when I saw those faces. My God, I thought, what these girls will have to put up with if they live long! I caught them up and ran, and still kept on thinking the one thing: what they will have to live through in this world! Fire-alarm; a pause. I come here and find their mother shouting and angry. Masha enters with a pillow and sits on the sofa. And when my girls were standing by the door in just their underclothes, and the street was red from the fire, there was a dreadful noise, and I thought that something of the sort used to happen many years ago when an enemy made a sudden attack, and looted, and burned. … And at the same time what a difference there really is between the present and the past! And when a little more time has gone by, in two or three hundred years perhaps, people will look at our present life with just the same fear, and the same contempt, and the whole past will seem clumsy and dull, and very uncomfortable, and strange. Oh, indeed, what a life there will be, what a life! Laughs. Forgive me, I’ve dropped into philosophy again. Please let me continue. I do awfully want to philosophize, it’s just how I feel at present. Pause. As if they are all asleep. As I was saying: what a life there will be! Only just imagine. … There are only three persons like yourselves in the town just now, but in future generations there will be more and more, and still more, and the time will come when everything will change and become as you would have it, people will live as you do, and then you too will go out of date; people will be born who are better than you. … Laughs. Yes, today I am quite exceptionally in the vein. I am devilishly keen on living. … Sings.

“The power of love all ages know,
From its assaults great good does grow.”

Laughs.

Masha

Trum-tum-tum …

Vershinin

Tum-tum …

Masha

Tra-ra-ra?

Vershinin

Tra-ta-ta. Laughs.

Enter Fedotik.

Fedotik

Dancing. I’m burnt out, I’m burnt out! Down to the ground! Laughter.

Irina

I don’t see anything funny about it. Is everything burnt?

Fedotik

Laughs. Absolutely. Nothing left at all. The guitar’s burnt, and the photographs are burnt, and all my correspondence. … And I was going to make you a present of a notebook, and that’s burnt too.

Soleni comes in.

Irina

No, you can’t come here, Vassili Vassilevitch. Please go away.

Soleni

Why can the Baron come here and I can’t?

Vershinin

We really must go. How’s the fire?

Soleni

They say it’s going down. No, I absolutely don’t see why the Baron can, and I can’t? Scents his hands.

Vershinin

Trum-tum-tum.

Masha

Trum-tum.

Vershinin

Laughs to Soleni. Let’s go into the dining-room.

Soleni

Very well, we’ll make a note of it. “If I should try to make this clear, the geese would be annoyed, I fear.” Looks at Tuzenbach. There, there, there. … Goes out with Vershinin and Fedotik.

Irina

How Soleni smelt of tobacco. … In surprise. The Baron’s asleep! Baron! Baron!

Tuzenbach

Waking. I am tired, I must say. … The brickworks. … No, I’m not wandering, I mean it; I’m going to start work soon at the brickworks … I’ve already talked it over. Tenderly, to Irina. You’re so pale, and beautiful, and charming. … Your paleness seems to shine through the dark air as if it was a light. … You are sad, displeased with life. … Oh, come with me, let’s go and work together!

Masha

Nicolai Lvovitch, go away from here.

Tuzenbach

Laughs. Are you here? I didn’t see you. Kisses Irina’s hand. goodbye, I’ll go … I look at you now and I remember, as if it was long ago, your name day, when you, cheerfully and merrily, were talking about the joys of labour. … And how happy life seemed to me, then! What has happened to it now? Kisses her hand. There are tears in your eyes. Go to bed now; it is already day … the morning begins. … If only I was allowed to give my life for you!

Masha

Nicolai Lvovitch, go away! What business …

Tuzenbach

I’m off. Exit.

Masha

Lies down. Are you asleep, Feodor?

Kuligin

Eh?

Masha

Shouldn’t you go home.

Kuligin

My dear Masha, my darling Masha. …

Irina

She’s tired out. You might let her rest, Fedia.

Kuligin

I’ll go at once. My wife’s a good, splendid … I love you, my only one. …

Masha

Angrily. Amo, amas, amat, amamus, amatis, amant.

Kuligin

Laughs. No, she really is wonderful. I’ve been your husband seven years, and it seems as if I was only married yesterday. On my word. No, you really are a wonderful woman. I’m satisfied, I’m satisfied, I’m satisfied!

Masha

I’m bored, I’m bored, I’m bored. … Sits up. But I can’t get it out of my head. … It’s simply disgraceful. It has been gnawing away at me … I can’t keep silent. I mean about Andrey. … He has mortgaged this house with the bank, and his wife has got all the money; but the house doesn’t belong to him alone, but to the four of us! He ought to know that, if he’s an honourable man.

Kuligin

What’s the use, Masha? Andrey is in debt all round; well, let him do as he pleases.

Masha

It’s disgraceful, anyway. Lies down.

Kuligin

You and I are not poor. I work, take my classes, give private lessons … I am a plain, honest man … Omnia mea mecum porto, as they say.

Masha

I don’t want anything, but the unfairness of it disgusts me. Pause. You go, Feodor.

Kuligin

Kisses her. You’re tired, just rest for half an hour, and I’ll sit and wait for you. Sleep. … Going. I’m satisfied, I’m satisfied, I’m satisfied. Exit.

Irina

Yes, really, our Andrey has grown smaller; how he’s snuffed out and aged with that woman! He used to want to be a professor, and yesterday he was boasting that at last he had been made a member of the district council. He is a member, and Protopopov is chairman. … The whole town talks and laughs about it, and he alone knows and sees nothing. … And now everybody’s gone to look at the fire, but he sits alone in his room and pays no attention, only just plays on his fiddle. Nervily. Oh, it’s awful, awful, awful. Weeps. I can’t, I can’t bear it any longer! … I can’t, I can’t! … Olga comes in and clears up at her little table. Irina is sobbing loudly. Throw me out, throw me out, I can’t bear any more!

Olga

Alarmed. What is it, what is it? Dear!

Irina

Sobbing. Where? Where has everything gone? Where is it all? Oh my God, my God! I’ve forgotten everything, everything … I don’t remember what is the Italian for window or, well, for ceiling … I forget everything, every day I forget it, and life passes and will never return, and we’ll never go away to Moscow … I see that we’ll never go. …

Olga

Dear, dear. …

Irina

Controlling herself. Oh, I am unhappy … I can’t work, I shan’t work. Enough, enough! I used to be a telegraphist, now I work at the town council offices, and I have nothing but hate and contempt for all they give me to do … I am already twenty-three, I have already been at work for a long while, and my brain has dried up, and I’ve grown thinner, plainer, older, and there is no relief of any sort, and time goes and it seems all the while as if I am going away from the real, the beautiful life, farther and farther away, down some precipice. I’m in despair and I can’t understand how it is that I am still alive, that I haven’t killed myself.

Olga

Don’t cry, dear girl, don’t cry … I suffer, too.

Irina

I’m not crying, not crying. … Enough. … Look, I’m not crying any more. Enough … enough!

Olga

Dear, I tell you as a sister and a friend if you want my advice, marry the Baron. Irina cries softly. You respect him, you think highly of him. … It is true that he is not handsome, but he is so honourable and clean … people don’t marry from love, but in order to do one’s duty. I think so, at any rate, and I’d marry without being in love. Whoever he was, I should marry him, so long as he was a decent man. Even if he was old. …

Irina

I was always waiting until we should be settled in Moscow, there I should meet my true love; I used to think about him, and love him. … But it’s all turned out to be nonsense, all nonsense. …

Olga

Embraces her sister. My dear, beautiful sister, I understand everything; when Baron Nicolai Lvovitch left the army and came to us in evening dress,4 he seemed so bad-looking to me that I even started crying. … He asked, “What are you crying for?” How could I tell him! But if God brought him to marry you, I should be happy. That would be different, quite different.

Natasha with a candle walks across the stage from right to left without saying anything.

Masha

Sitting up. She walks as if she’s set something on fire.

Olga

Masha, you’re silly, you’re the silliest of the family. Please forgive me for saying so. Pause.

Masha

I want to make a confession, dear sisters. My soul is in pain. I will confess to you, and never again to anybody … I’ll tell you this minute. Softly. It’s my secret but you must know everything … I can’t be silent. … Pause. I love, I love … I love that man. … You saw him only just now. … Why don’t I say it … in one word. I love Vershinin.

Olga

Goes behind her screen. Stop that, I don’t hear you in any case.

Masha

What am I to do? Takes her head in her hands. First he seemed queer to me, then I was sorry for him … then I fell in love with him … fell in love with his voice, his words, his misfortunes, his two daughters.

Olga

Behind the screen. I’m not listening. You may talk any nonsense you like, it will be all the same, I shan’t hear.

Masha

Oh, Olga, you are foolish. I am in love—that means that is to be my fate. It means that is to be my lot. … And he loves me. … It is all awful. Yes; it isn’t good, is it? Takes Irina’s hand and draws her to her. Oh, my dear. … How are we going to live through our lives, what is to become of us. … When you read a novel it all seems so old and easy, but when you fall in love yourself, then you learn that nobody knows anything, and each must decide for himself. … My dear ones, my sisters … I’ve confessed, now I shall keep silence. … Like the lunatics in Gogol’s story, I’m going to be silent … silent …

Andrey enters, followed by Ferapont.

Andrey

Angrily. What do you want? I don’t understand.

Ferapont

At the door, impatiently. I’ve already told you ten times, Andrey Sergeyevitch.

Andrey

In the first place I’m not Andrey Sergeyevitch, but sir.5

Ferapont

The firemen, sir, ask if they can go across your garden to the river. Else they go right round, right round; it’s a nuisance.

Andrey

All right. Tell them it’s all right. Exit Ferapont. I’m tired of them. Where is Olga? Olga comes out from behind the screen. I came to you for the key of the cupboard. I lost my own. You’ve got a little key. Olga gives him the key; Irina goes behind her screen; pause. What a huge fire! It’s going down now. Hang it all, that Ferapont made me so angry that I talked nonsense to him. … Sir, indeed. … A pause. Why are you so silent, Olga? Pause. It’s time you stopped all that nonsense and behaved as if you were properly alive. … You are here, Masha. Irina is here, well, since we’re all here, let’s come to a complete understanding, once and for all. What have you against me? What is it?

Olga

Please don’t, Audrey dear. We’ll talk tomorrow. Excited. What an awful night!

Andrey

Much confused. Don’t excite yourself. I ask you in perfect calmness; what have you against me? Tell me straight.

Vershinin’s voice

Trum-tum-tum!

Masha

Stands; loudly. Tra-ta-ta! To Olga. Goodbye, Olga, God bless you. Goes behind screen and kisses Irina. Sleep well. … Goodbye, Andrey. Go away now, they’re tired … you can explain tomorrow. … Exit.

Andrey

I’ll only say this and go. Just now. … In the first place, you’ve got something against Natasha, my wife; I’ve noticed it since the very day of my marriage. Natasha is a beautiful and honest creature, straight and honourable—that’s my opinion. I love and respect my wife; understand it, I respect her, and I insist that others should respect her too. I repeat, she’s an honest and honourable person, and all your disapproval is simply silly … Pause. In the second place, you seem to be annoyed because I am not a professor, and am not engaged in study. But I work for the zemstvo, I am a member of the district council, and I consider my service as worthy and as high as the service of science. I am a member of the district council, and I am proud of it, if you want to know. Pause. In the third place, I have still this to say … that I have mortgaged the house without obtaining your permission. … For that I am to blame, and ask to be forgiven. My debts led me into doing it … thirty-five thousand … I do not play at cards any more, I stopped long ago, but the chief thing I have to say in my defence is that you girls receive a pension, and I don’t … my wages, so to speak. … Pause.

Kuligin

At the door. Is Masha there? Excitedly. Where is she? It’s queer. … Exit.

Andrey

They don’t hear. Natasha is a splendid, honest person. Walks about in silence, then stops. When I married I thought we should be happy … all of us. … But, my God. … Weeps. My dear, dear sisters, don’t believe me, don’t believe me. … Exit.

Fire-alarm. The stage is clear.

Irina

Behind her screen. Olga, who’s knocking on the floor?

Olga

It’s doctor Ivan Romanovitch. He’s drunk.

Irina

What a restless night! Pause. Olga! Looks out. Did you hear? They are taking the brigade away from us; it’s going to be transferred to some place far away.

Olga

It’s only a rumour.

Irina

Then we shall be left alone. … Olga!

Olga

Well?

Irina

My dear, darling sister, I esteem, I highly value the Baron, he’s a splendid man; I’ll marry him, I’ll consent, only let’s go to Moscow! I implore you, let’s go! There’s nothing better than Moscow on earth! Let’s go, Olga, let’s go!

Act IV

Chebutikin, in a comfortable frame of mind which does not desert him throughout the act, sits in an armchair in the garden, waiting to be called. He wears a peaked cap and has a stick. Irina, Kuligin with a cross hanging from his neck and without his moustaches, and Tuzenbach are standing on the terrace seeing off Fedotik and Rode, who are coming down into the garden; both officers are in service uniform.

Tuzenbach

Exchanges kisses with Fedotik. You’re a good sort, we got on so well together. Exchanges kisses with Rode. Once again. … Goodbye, old man!

Irina

Au revoir!

Fedotik

It isn’t au revoir, it’s goodbye; we’ll never meet again!

Kuligin

Who knows! Wipes his eyes; smiles. Here I’ve started crying!

Irina

We’ll meet again sometime.

Fedotik

After ten years—or fifteen? We’ll hardly know one another then; we’ll say, “How do you do?” coldly. … Takes a snapshot. Keep still. … Once more, for the last time.

Rode

Embracing Tuzenbach. We shan’t meet again. … Kisses Irina’s hand. Thank you for everything, for everything!

Fedotik

Grieved. Don’t be in such a hurry!

Tuzenbach

We shall meet again, if God wills it. Write to us. Be sure to write.

Rode

Looking round the garden. Goodbye, trees! Shouts. Yo-ho! Pause. Goodbye, echo!

Kuligin

Best wishes. Go and get yourselves wives there in Poland. … Your Polish wife will clasp you and call you “kochanku!”6 Laughs.

Fedotik

Looking at the time. There’s less than an hour left. Soleni is the only one of our battery who is going on the barge; the rest of us are going with the main body. Three batteries are leaving today, another three tomorrow and then the town will be quiet and peaceful.

Tuzenbach

And terribly dull.

Rode

And where is Maria Sergeyevna?

Kuligin

Masha is in the garden.

Fedotik

We’d like to say goodbye to her.

Rode

Goodbye, I must go, or else I’ll start weeping. … Quickly embraces Kuligin and Tuzenbach, and kisses Irina’s hand. We’ve been so happy here. …

Fedotik

To Kuligin. Here’s a keepsake for you … a notebook with a pencil. … We’ll go to the river from here. … They go aside and both look round.

Rode

Shouts. Yo-ho!

Kuligin

Shouts. Goodbye!

At the back of the stage Fedotik and Rode meet Masha; they say goodbye and go out with her.

Irina

They’ve gone. … Sits on the bottom step of the terrace.

Chebutikin

And they forgot to say goodbye to me.

Irina

But why is that?

Chebutikin

I just forgot, somehow. Though I’ll soon see them again, I’m going tomorrow. Yes … just one day left. I shall be retired in a year, then I’ll come here again, and finish my life near you. I’ve only one year before I get my pension. … Puts one newspaper into his pocket and takes another out. I’ll come here to you and change my life radically … I’ll be so quiet … so agree … agreeable, respectable. …

Irina

Yes, you ought to change your life, dear man, somehow or other.

Chebutikin

Yes, I feel it. Sings softly. “Tarara-boom-deay. …”

Kuligin

We won’t reform Ivan Romanovitch! We won’t reform him!

Chebutikin

If only I was apprenticed to you! Then I’d reform.

Irina

Feodor has shaved his moustache! I can’t bear to look at him.

Kuligin

Well, what about it?

Chebutikin

I could tell you what your face looks like now, but it wouldn’t be polite.

Kuligin

Well! It’s the custom, it’s modus vivendi. Our Director is clean-shaven, and so I too, when I received my inspectorship, had my moustaches removed. Nobody likes it, but it’s all one to me. I’m satisfied. Whether I’ve got moustaches or not, I’m satisfied. … Sits.

At the back of the stage Andrey is wheeling a perambulator containing a sleeping infant.

Irina

Ivan Romanovitch, be a darling. I’m awfully worried. You were out on the boulevard last night; tell me, what happened?

Chebutikin

What happened? Nothing. Quite a trifling matter. Reads paper. Of no importance!

Kuligin

They say that Soleni and the Baron met yesterday on the boulevard near the theatre. …

Tuzenbach

Stop! What right … Waves his hand and goes into the house.

Kuligin

Near the theatre … Soleni started behaving offensively to the Baron, who lost his temper and said something nasty. …

Chebutikin

I don’t know. It’s all bunkum.

Kuligin

At some seminary or other a master wrote “bunkum” on an essay, and the student couldn’t make the letters out—thought it was a Latin word “luckum.” Laughs. Awfully funny, that. They say that Soleni is in love with Irina and hates the Baron. … That’s quite natural. Irina is a very nice girl. She’s even like Masha, she’s so thoughtful. … Only, Irina your character is gentler. Though Masha’s character, too, is a very good one. I’m very fond of Masha. Shouts of “Yo-ho!” are heard behind the stage.

Irina

Shudders. Everything seems to frighten me today. Pause. I’ve got everything ready, and I send my things off after dinner. The Baron and I will be married tomorrow, and tomorrow we go away to the brickworks, and the next day I go to the school, and the new life begins. God will help me! When I took my examination for the teacher’s post, I actually wept for joy and gratitude. … Pause. The cart will be here in a minute for my things. …

Kuligin

Somehow or other, all this doesn’t seem at all serious. As if it was all ideas, and nothing really serious. Still, with all my soul I wish you happiness.

Chebutikin

With deep feeling. My splendid … my dear, precious girl. … You’ve gone on far ahead, I won’t catch up with you. I’m left behind like a migrant bird grown old, and unable to fly. Fly, my dear, fly, and God be with you! Pause. It’s a pity you shaved your moustaches, Feodor Ilitch.

Kuligin

Oh, drop it! Sighs. Today the soldiers will be gone, and everything will go on as in the old days. Say what you will, Masha is a good, honest woman. I love her very much, and thank my fate for her. People have such different fates. There’s a Kosirev who works in the excise department here. He was at school with me; he was expelled from the fifth class of the high school for being entirely unable to understand ut consecutivum. He’s awfully hard up now and in very poor health, and when I meet him I say to him, “How do you do, ut consecutivum.” “Yes,” he says, “precisely consecutivum …” and coughs. But I’ve been successful all my life, I’m happy, and I even have a Stanislaus Cross, of the second class, and now I myself teach others that ut consecutivum. Of course, I’m a clever man, much cleverer than many, but happiness doesn’t only lie in that. …

“The Maiden’s Prayer” is being played on the piano in the house.

Irina

Tomorrow night I shan’t hear that “Maiden’s Prayer” any more, and I shan’t be meeting Protopopov. … Pause. Protopopov is sitting there in the drawing-room; and he came today …

Kuligin

Hasn’t the headmistress come yet?

Irina

No. She has been sent for. If you only knew how difficult it is for me to live alone, without Olga. … She lives at the high school; she, a headmistress, busy all day with her affairs and I’m alone, bored, with nothing to do, and hate the room I live in. … I’ve made up my mind: if I can’t live in Moscow, then it must come to this. It’s fate. It can’t be helped. It’s all the will of God, that’s the truth. Nicolai Lvovitch made me a proposal. … Well? I thought it over and made up my mind. He’s a good man … it’s quite remarkable how good he is. … And suddenly my soul put out wings, I became happy, and lighthearted, and once again the desire for work, work, came over me. … Only something happened yesterday, some secret dread has been hanging over me. …

Chebutikin

Luckum. Rubbish.

Natasha

At the window. The headmistress.

Kuligin

The headmistress has come. Let’s go. Exit with Irina into the house.

Chebutikin

“It is my washing day. … Tara-ra … boom-deay.”

Masha approaches, Andrey is wheeling a perambulator at the back.

Masha

Here you are, sitting here, doing nothing.

Chebutikin

What then?

Masha

Sits. Nothing. … Pause. Did you love my mother?

Chebutikin

Very much.

Masha

And did she love you?

Chebutikin

After a pause. I don’t remember that.

Masha

Is my man here? When our cook Martha used to ask about her gendarme, she used to say my man. Is he here?

Chebutikin

Not yet.

Masha

When you take your happiness in little bits, in snatches, and then lose it, as I have done, you gradually get coarser, more bitter. Points to her bosom. I’m boiling in here. … Looks at Andrey with the perambulator. There’s our brother Andrey. … All our hopes in him have gone. There was once a great bell, a thousand persons were hoisting it, much money and labour had been spent on it, when it suddenly fell and was broken. Suddenly, for no particular reason. … Andrey is like that. …

Andrey

When are they going to stop making such a noise in the house? It’s awful.

Chebutikin

They won’t be much longer. Looks at his watch. My watch is very old-fashioned, it strikes the hours. … Winds the watch and makes it strike. The first, second, and fifth batteries are to leave at one o’clock precisely. Pause. And I go tomorrow.

Andrey

For good?

Chebutikin

I don’t know. Perhaps I’ll return in a year. The devil only knows … it’s all one. … Somewhere a harp and violin are being played.

Andrey

The town will grow empty. It will be as if they put a cover over it. Pause. Something happened yesterday by the theatre. The whole town knows of it, but I don’t.

Chebutikin

Nothing. A silly little affair. Soleni started irritating the Baron, who lost his temper and insulted him, and so at last Soleni had to challenge him. Looks at his watch. It’s about time, I think. … At half-past twelve, in the public wood, that one you can see from here across the river. … Piff-paff. Laughs. Soleni thinks he’s Lermontov, and even writes verses. That’s all very well, but this is his third duel.

Masha

Whose?

Chebutikin

Soleni’s.

Masha

And the Baron?

Chebutikin

What about the Baron? Pause.

Masha

Everything’s all muddled up in my head. … But I say it ought not to be allowed. He might wound the Baron or even kill him.

Chebutikin

The Baron is a good man, but one Baron more or less—what difference does it make? It’s all the same! Beyond the garden somebody shouts “Co-ee! Hallo!” You wait. That’s Skvortsov shouting; one of the seconds. He’s in a boat. Pause.

Andrey

In my opinion it’s simply immoral to fight in a duel, or to be present, even in the quality of a doctor.

Chebutikin

It only seems so. … We don’t exist, there’s nothing on earth, we don’t really live, it only seems that we live. Does it matter, anyway!

Masha

You talk and talk the whole day long. Going. You live in a climate like this, where it might snow any moment, and there you talk. … Stops. I won’t go into the house, I can’t go there. … Tell me when Vershinin comes. … Goes along the avenue. The migrant birds are already on the wing. … Looks up. Swans or geese. … My dear, happy things. … Exit.

Andrey

Our house will be empty. The officers will go away, you are going, my sister is getting married, and I alone will remain in the house.

Chebutikin

And your wife?

Ferapont enters with some documents.

Andrey

A wife’s a wife. She’s honest, well-bred, yes; and kind, but with all that there is still something about her that degenerates her into a petty, blind, even in some respects misshapen animal. In any case, she isn’t a man. I tell you as a friend, as the only man to whom I can lay bare my soul. I love Natasha, it’s true, but sometimes she seems extraordinarily vulgar, and then I lose myself and can’t understand why I love her so much, or, at any rate, used to love her. …

Chebutikin

Rises. I’m going away tomorrow, old chap, and perhaps we’ll never meet again, so here’s my advice. Put on your cap, take a stick in your hand, go … go on and on, without looking round. And the farther you go, the better.

Soleni goes across the back of the stage with two officers; he catches sight of Chebutikin, and turns to him, the officers go on.

Soleni

Doctor, it’s time. It’s half-past twelve already. Shakes hands with Andrey.

Chebutikin

Half a minute. I’m tired of the lot of you. To Andrey. If anybody asks for me, say I’ll be back soon. … Sighs. Oh, oh, oh!

Soleni

“He didn’t have the time to sigh. The bear sat on him heavily.” Goes up to him. What are you groaning about, old man?

Chebutikin

Stop it!

Soleni

How’s your health?

Chebutikin

Angry. Mind your own business.

Soleni

The old man is unnecessarily excited. I won’t go far, I’ll only just bring him down like a snipe. Takes out his scent-bottle and scents his hands. I’ve poured out a whole bottle of scent today and they still smell … of a dead body. Pause. Yes. … You remember the poem

“But he, the rebel seeks the storm,
As if the storm will bring him rest …”?

Chebutikin

Yes.

“He didn’t have the time to sigh,
The bear sat on him heavily.”

Exit with Soleni.

Shouts are heard. Andrey and Ferapont come in.

Ferapont

Documents to sign. …

Andrey

Irritated. Go away! Leave me! Please! Goes away with the perambulator.

Ferapont

That’s what documents are for, to be signed. Retires to back of stage.

Enter Irina, with Tuzenbach in a straw hat; Kuligin walks across the stage, shouting “Co-ee, Masha, co-ee!”

Tuzenbach

He seems to be the only man in the town who is glad that the soldiers are going.

Irina

One can understand that. Pause. The town will be empty.

Tuzenbach

My dear, I shall return soon.

Irina

Where are you going?

Tuzenbach

I must go into the town and then … see the others off.

Irina

It’s not true … Nicolai, why are you so absentminded today? Pause. What took place by the theatre yesterday?

Tuzenbach

Making a movement of impatience. In an hour’s time I shall return and be with you again. Kisses her hands. My darling … Looking her closely in the face. it’s five years now since I fell in love with you, and still I can’t get used to it, and you seem to me to grow more and more beautiful. What lovely, wonderful hair! What eyes! I’m going to take you away tomorrow. We shall work, we shall be rich, my dreams will come true. You will be happy. There’s only one thing, one thing only: you don’t love me!

Irina

It isn’t in my power! I shall be your wife, I shall be true to you, and obedient to you, but I can’t love you. What can I do! Cries. I have never been in love in my life. Oh, I used to think so much of love, I have been thinking about it for so long by day and by night, but my soul is like an expensive piano which is locked and the key lost. Pause. You seem so unhappy.

Tuzenbach

I didn’t sleep at night. There is nothing in my life so awful as to be able to frighten me, only that lost key torments my soul and does not let me sleep. Say something to me Pause. say something to me. …

Irina

What can I say, what?

Tuzenbach

Anything.

Irina

Don’t! don’t! Pause.

Tuzenbach

It is curious how silly trivial little things, sometimes for no apparent reason, become significant. At first you laugh at these things, you think they are of no importance, you go on and you feel that you haven’t got the strength to stop yourself. Oh don’t let’s talk about it! I am happy. It is as if for the first time in my life I see these firs, maples, beeches, and they all look at me inquisitively and wait. What beautiful trees and how beautiful, when one comes to think of it, life must be near them! A shout of Co-ee! in the distance. It’s time I went. … There’s a tree which has dried up but it still sways in the breeze with the others. And so it seems to me that if I die, I shall still take part in life in one way or another. Goodbye, dear. … Kisses her hands. The papers which you gave me are on my table under the calendar.

Irina

I am coming with you.

Tuzenbach

Nervously. No, no! He goes quickly and stops in the avenue. Irina!

Irina

What is it?

Tuzenbach

Not knowing what to say. I haven’t had any coffee today. Tell them to make me some. … He goes out quickly.

Irina stands deep in thought. Then she goes to the back of the stage and sits on a swing. Andrey comes in with the perambulator and Ferapont also appears.

Ferapont

Andrey Sergeyevitch, it isn’t as if the documents were mine, they are the government’s. I didn’t make them.

Andrey

Oh, what has become of my past and where is it? I used to be young, happy, clever, I used to be able to think and frame clever ideas, the present and the future seemed to me full of hope. Why do we, almost before we have begun to live, become dull, grey, uninteresting, lazy, apathetic, useless, unhappy. … This town has already been in existence for two hundred years and it has a hundred thousand inhabitants, not one of whom is in any way different from the others. There has never been, now or at any other time, a single leader of men, a single scholar, an artist, a man of even the slightest eminence who might arouse envy or a passionate desire to be imitated. They only eat, drink, sleep, and then they die … more people are born and also eat, drink, sleep, and so as not to go silly from boredom, they try to make life many-sided with their beastly backbiting, vodka, cards, and litigation. The wives deceive their husbands, and the husbands lie, and pretend they see nothing and hear nothing, and the evil influence irresistibly oppresses the children and the divine spark in them is extinguished, and they become just as pitiful corpses and just as much like one another as their fathers and mothers. … Angrily to Ferapont. What do you want?

Ferapont

What? Documents want signing.

Andrey

I’m tired of you.

Ferapont

Handing him papers. The hall-porter from the law courts was saying just now that in the winter there were two hundred degrees of frost in Petersburg.

Andrey

The present is beastly, but when I think of the future, how good it is! I feel so light, so free; there is a light in the distance, I see freedom. I see myself and my children freeing ourselves from vanities, from kvass, from goose baked with cabbage, from after-dinner naps, from base idleness. …

Ferapont

He was saying that two thousand people were frozen to death. The people were frightened, he said. In Petersburg or Moscow, I don’t remember which.

Andrey

Overcome by a tender emotion. My dear sisters, my beautiful sisters! Crying. Masha, my sister. …

Natasha

At the window. Who’s talking so loudly out here? Is that you, Andrey? You’ll wake little Sophie. Il ne faut pas faire du bruit, la Sophie est dormée deja. Vous êtes un ours. Angrily. If you want to talk, then give the perambulator and the baby to somebody else. Ferapont, take the perambulator!

Ferapont

Yes’m. Takes the perambulator.

Andrey

Confused. I’m speaking quietly.

Natasha

At the window, nursing her boy. Bobby! Naughty Bobby! Bad little Bobby!

Andrey

Looking through the papers. All right, I’ll look them over and sign if necessary, and you can take them back to the offices. …

Goes into house reading papers; Ferapont takes the perambulator to the back of the garden.

Natasha

At the window. Bobby, what’s your mother’s name? Dear, dear! And who’s this? That’s Aunt Olga. Say to your aunt, “How do you do, Olga!”

Two wandering musicians, a man and a girl, are playing on a violin and a harp. Vershinin, Olga, and Anfisa come out of the house and listen for a minute in silence; Irina comes up to them.

Olga

Our garden might be a public thoroughfare, from the way people walk and ride across it. Nurse, give those musicians something!

Anfisa

Gives money to the musicians. Go away with God’s blessing on you. The musicians bow and go away. A bitter sort of people. You don’t play on a full stomach. To Irina. How do you do, Arisha! Kisses her. Well, little girl, here I am, still alive! Still alive! In the high school, together with little Olga, in her official apartments … so the Lord has appointed for my old age. Sinful woman that I am, I’ve never lived like that in my life before. … A large flat, government property, and I’ve a whole room and bed to myself. All government property. I wake up at nights and, oh God, and Holy Mother, there isn’t a happier person than I!

Vershinin

Looks at his watch. We are going soon, Olga Sergeyevna. It’s time for me to go. Pause. I wish you every … every. … Where’s Maria Sergeyevna?

Irina

She’s somewhere in the garden. I’ll go and look for her.

Vershinin

If you’ll be so kind. I haven’t time.

Anfisa

I’ll go and look, too. Shouts. Little Masha, co-ee! Goes out with Irina down into the garden. Co-ee, co-ee!

Vershinin

Everything comes to an end. And so we, too, must part. Looks at his watch. The town gave us a sort of farewell breakfast, we had champagne to drink and the mayor made a speech, and I ate and listened, but my soul was here all the time. … Looks round the garden. I’m so used to you now.

Olga

Shall we ever meet again?

Vershinin

Probably not. Pause. My wife and both my daughters will stay here another two months. If anything happens, or if anything has to be done …

Olga

Yes, yes, of course. You need not worry. Pause. Tomorrow there won’t be a single soldier left in the town, it will all be a memory, and, of course, for us a new life will begin. … Pause. None of our plans are coming right. I didn’t want to be a headmistress, but they made me one, all the same. It means there’s no chance of Moscow. …

Vershinin

Well … thank you for everything. Forgive me if I’ve … I’ve said such an awful lot—forgive me for that too, don’t think badly of me.

Olga

Wipes her eyes. Why isn’t Masha coming …

Vershinin

What else can I say in parting? Can I philosophize about anything? Laughs. Life is heavy. To many of us it seems dull and hopeless, but still, it must be acknowledged that it is getting lighter and clearer, and it seems that the time is not far off when it will be quite clear. Looks at his watch. It’s time I went! Mankind used to be absorbed in wars, and all its existence was filled with campaigns, attacks, defeats, now we’ve outlived all that, leaving after us a great waste place, which there is nothing to fill with at present; but mankind is looking for something, and will certainly find it. Oh, if it only happened more quickly. Pause. If only education could be added to industry, and industry to education. Looks at his watch. It’s time I went. …

Olga

Here she comes.

Enter Masha.

Vershinin

I came to say goodbye. …

Olga steps aside a little, so as not to be in their way.

Masha

Looking him in the face. Goodbye. Prolonged kiss.

Olga

Don’t, don’t. Masha is crying bitterly.

Vershinin

Write to me. … Don’t forget! Let me go. … It’s time. Take her, Olga Sergeyevna … it’s time … I’m late …

He kisses Olga’s hand in evident emotion, then embraces Masha once more and goes out quickly.

Olga

Don’t, Masha! Stop, dear. … Kuligin enters.

Kuligin

Confused. Never mind, let her cry, let her. … My dear Masha, my good Masha. … You’re my wife, and I’m happy, whatever happens … I’m not complaining, I don’t reproach you at all. … Olga is a witness to it. Let’s begin to live again as we used to, and not by a single word, or hint …

Masha

Restraining her sobs.

“There stands a green oak by the sea,
And a chain of bright gold is around it. …
And a chain of bright gold is around it. …”

I’m going off my head … “There stands … a green oak … by the sea.” …

Olga

Don’t, Masha, don’t … give her some water. …

Masha

I’m not crying any more. …

Kuligin

She’s not crying any more … she’s a good … A shot is heard from a distance.

Masha

“There stands a green oak by the sea,
And a chain of bright gold is around it …
An oak of green gold. …”

I’m mixing it up. … Drinks some water. Life is dull … I don’t want anything more now … I’ll be all right in a moment. … It doesn’t matter. … What do those lines mean? Why do they run in my head? My thoughts are all tangled.

Irina enters.

Olga

Be quiet, Masha. There’s a good girl. … Let’s go in.

Masha

Angrily. I shan’t go in there. Sobs, but controls herself at once. I’m not going to go into the house, I won’t go. …

Irina

Let’s sit here together and say nothing. I’m going away tomorrow. … Pause.

Kuligin

Yesterday I took away these whiskers and this beard from a boy in the third class. … He puts on the whiskers and beard. Don’t I look like the German master. … Laughs. Don’t I? The boys are amusing.

Masha

You really do look like that German of yours.

Olga

Laughs. Yes. Masha weeps.

Irina

Don’t, Masha!

Kuligin

It’s a very good likeness. …

Enter Natasha.

Natasha

To the maid. What? Mihail Ivanitch Protopopov will sit with little Sophie, and Andrey Sergeyevitch can take little Bobby out. Children are such a bother. … To Irina. Irina, it’s such a pity you’re going away tomorrow. Do stop just another week. Sees Kuligin and screams; he laughs and takes off his beard and whiskers. How you frightened me! To Irina. I’ve grown used to you and do you think it will be easy for me to part from you? I’m going to have Andrey and his violin put into your room—let him fiddle away in there!—and we’ll put little Sophie into his room. The beautiful, lovely child! What a little girlie! Today she looked at me with such pretty eyes and said “Mamma!”

Kuligin

A beautiful child, it’s quite true.

Natasha

That means I shall have the place to myself tomorrow. Sighs. In the first place I shall have that avenue of fir-trees cut down, then that maple. It’s so ugly at nights. … To Irina. That belt doesn’t suit you at all, dear. … It’s an error of taste. And I’ll give orders to have lots and lots of little flowers planted here, and they’ll smell. … Severely. Why is there a fork lying about here on the seat? Going towards the house, to the maid. Why is there a fork lying about here on the seat, I say? Shouts. Don’t you dare to answer me!

Kuligin

Temper! temper! A march is played off; they all listen.

Olga

They’re going.

Chebutikin comes in.

Masha

They’re going. Well, well. … Bon voyage! To her husband. We must be going home. … Where’s my coat and hat?

Kuligin

I took them in … I’ll bring them, in a moment.

Olga

Yes, now we can all go home. It’s time.

Chebutikin

Olga Sergeyevna!

Olga

What is it? Pause. What is it?

Chebutikin

Nothing … I don’t know how to tell you. … Whispers to her.

Olga

Frightened. It can’t be true!

Chebutikin

Yes … such a story … I’m tired out, exhausted, I won’t say any more. … Sadly. Still, it’s all the same!

Masha

What’s happened?

Olga

Embraces Irina. This is a terrible day … I don’t know how to tell you, dear. …

Irina

What is it? Tell me quickly, what is it? For God’s sake! Cries.

Chebutikin

The Baron was killed in the duel just now.

Irina

Cries softly. I knew it, I knew it. …

Chebutikin

Sits on a bench at the back of the stage. I’m tired. … Takes a paper from his pocket. Let ’em cry. … Sings softly. “Tarara-boom-deay, it is my washing day. …” Isn’t it all the same!

The three sisters are standing, pressing against one another.

Masha

Oh, how the music plays! They are leaving us, one has quite left us, quite and forever. We remain alone, to begin our life over again. We must live … we must live. …

Irina

Puts her head on Olga’s bosom. There will come a time when everybody will know why, for what purpose, there is all this suffering, and there will be no more mysteries. But now we must live … we must work, just work! Tomorrow, I’ll go away alone, and I’ll teach and give my whole life to those who, perhaps, need it. It’s autumn now, soon it will be winter, the snow will cover everything, and I shall be working, working. …

Olga

Embraces both her sisters. The bands are playing so gaily, so bravely, and one does so want to live! Oh, my God! Time will pass on, and we shall depart forever, we shall be forgotten; they will forget our faces, voices, and even how many there were of us, but our sufferings will turn into joy for those who will live after us, happiness and peace will reign on earth, and people will remember with kindly words, and bless those who are living now. Oh dear sisters, our life is not yet at an end. Let us live. The music is so gay, so joyful, and, it seems that in a little while we shall know why we are living, why we are suffering. … If we could only know, if we could only know!

The music has been growing softer and softer; Kuligin, smiling happily, brings out the hat and coat; Andrey wheels out the perambulator in which Bobby is sitting.

Chebutikin

Sings softly. “Tara … ra-boom-deay. … It is my washing-day.” … Reads a paper. It’s all the same! It’s all the same!

Olga

If only we could know, if only we could know!